不同潜在蒸发估算方法对黄土高原渭河径流模拟的影响研究

Impact of Different Potential Evaporation Estimation Methods on Runoff Simulation of Weihe River on the Loess Plateau

蒸散发是地表水文过程的重要环节,潜在蒸散发对水文过程模拟和预报具有重要影响。以渭河北道水文站上游作为研究区域,采用Penman-Monteith法和E-601型蒸发皿的潜在蒸散发数据(PET601)分别驱动SWAT模型,使用SUFI-2优化算法进行参数敏感性分析与模型率定、验证以及不确定性分析。结果表明,不同方法所得潜在蒸散发量值差异较大,都具有相似的年内分布,PET601法潜在蒸散发量低于Penman-Monteith法。使用PETP-M和PET601驱动水文模型模拟径流过程,结果显示这2种数据下的水文模拟精度较好,PET601法更适合黄土高原的渭河流域,潜在蒸散发的偏差对于水文模拟的影响由于模型参数的调整明显削弱很多。研究成果将在黄河流域生态保护中为区域蒸散发量的管理提供参考。

Evapotranspiration is an important part of the surface hydrological processes,and potential evapotranspiration has an important impact on the simulation and prediction of the hydrological process.Taking the upper reach of Beidao Hydrological Station in Weihe River as the study area,this paper drives the SWAT model by Penman-Monteith method and E-601 pan potential evapotranspiration data(PET601),and analyzes parameter sensitivity and model calibration,verification and uncertainty.The results show that the values of potential evapotranspiration obtained by different methods are quite different,but they all have similar inner-annual distributions.The potential evapotranspiration of PET601 methods is lower than that of Penman-Monteith.After simulating the runoff process through hydrological model driven by PETP-M and PET601,the results indicate that the simulation accuracy of the two methods is good.The PET601 method is more suitable for the simulation in Weihe River on Loess Plateau,and the influence of potential evapotranspiration bias on hydrological simulation is significantly weakened due to adjustment of model parameters.The research results will provide a reference for the management of regional evapotranspiration in the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin.