机械式冲击器动力分析及优化

Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of Mechanical Impactor

针对现有冲击器存在的单次冲击功小、入井连续工作时间短和深井工作稳定性差的问题,设计了一种新型机械式冲击器。该冲击器由动力机构、动力转换机构和冲击机构组成。动力机构由轨道和传动销组成,传动销与冲锤连接后置于轨道内,轨道随传动轴旋转,带动传动销和冲锤往复运动。提出了满足冲锤运动规律的两种轨道轨迹线,根据冲锤的位移、速度和加速度之间存在的微分和积分关系、冲锤应满足的边界条件求解得到了冲锤的速度和加速度函数。对传动销进行受力分析,由牛顿第二定律及受力平衡关系求解得到了轨道受力及扭矩方程,计算得到了轨道受力、扭矩、冲锤速度与轨道旋转角度的关系,通过减小冲锤下行时的加速度可减小轨道受力及扭矩。以轨迹线1为例,使用Adams软件对冲锤进行运动仿真,仿真结果显示冲锤运动规律与设计的运动规律相同。研究结果可为机械式冲击器的进一步优化设计提供参考。

To address the problems of small impact energy,short continuous working time and poor stability in deep wells of the existing impactors,a new type of mechanical impactor is designed. The impactor consists of a power mechanism,a power conversion mechanism and an impact mechanism. The power mechanism is composed of a track and a drive pin. The drive pin is connected with the hammer and placed in the track. The track rotates with the drive shaft to drive the drive pin and the hammer to reciprocate. Two track trajectories satisfying the movement of the hammer are proposed. According to the differential and integral relations between the displacement,velocity and acceleration of the hammer,and the boundary conditions that the hammer should meet,the velocity and acceleration functions of the hammer are obtained. The forces on the drive pin are analyzed. The forces on the track and torque equations are solved by Newton’s second law and the force balance relationship. The relationship between the track force,torque,hammer speed and track rotation angle are calculated. By reducing the acceleration of the hammer,the force and torque on the track could be reduced. Take trajectory one for case study,Adams software is used to simulate the movement of the hammer,and the simulation results show that the movement of the hammer is the same as the designed movement. The research results can provide references for the optimal design of mechanical impactors.