制种玉米机械化去雄技术与装备研究现状

Research Status of Seed Corn Emasculation Technology and Equipment

我国玉米品种以杂交种为主,去雄作为杂交玉米制种生产的重要环节,目前主要依靠人工作业,去雄装备依赖进口。随着种业市场的对外开放和农村土地流转的推进,面对国外种子公司的激烈竞争、农村劳动力的减少及生产成本的增加,去雄机械短缺已严重制约了玉米种业的发展。机械化去雄具有机动性强、生产效率高和作业成本低等特点,是制种玉米去雄作业的必然发展趋势。为此,针对国内外制种玉米去雄技术及装备进行了综述,指出存在的问题,并提出相应的解决措施。

Chinese corn varieties are mainly hybrids.Emasculation is an important part of hybrid seed corn production.At present,it mainly relies on manual work and imported emasculation equipment.With opening up of seed industry market and promotion of rural land circulation,in the face of fierce competition from foreign seed companies,reduction of rural labor force and increase of production cost,shortage of emasculation machinery has been seriously restricted development of corn seed industry.Mechanized emasculation has characteristics of strong mobility,high production efficiency and low operating cost,which is inevitable development trend of seed maize emasculation.Therefore,technology and equipment of emasculation for corn production at home and abroad were summarized,existing problems were pointed out,and solutions was proposed accordingly.