孕妇贫血状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on anemia status and its influencing factors in pregnant women

目的了解河南省孕妇贫血状况及影响贫血患病的相关因素,为制定相应的干预措施提供科学依据。方法2015年1月至11月期间选取河南省14所县级妇幼保健院共450名孕妇为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集孕妇的基本信息,采用氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定孕妇血红蛋白含量,分析孕妇贫血情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析孕妇贫血的影响因素。结果贫血孕妇106例,患病率为24.71%。孕早、中、晚期贫血患病率分别为13.18%、25.15%、35.04%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=17.091,P<0.05),各孕期以中度贫血为主。年龄在30岁以上(OR=1.938,95%CI:1.136~3.309)、城市地区(OR=2.275,95%CI:1.326~3.905)是影响孕妇贫血的危险因素,汉族(OR=0.105,95%CI:0.017~0.654)、孕前身体质量指数(BMI)高(OR=0.897,95%CI:0.822~0.979)、维生素C水平高(OR=0.925,95%CI:0.871~0.982)和血糖水平高(OR=0.529,95%CI:0.349~0.802)均是孕妇贫血的保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论该研究中孕妇贫血患病率较高,应加强孕妇孕期健康宣教工作,及时纠正贫血,降低贫血对母婴健康的不良影响。

Objective To investigate the anemia status and risk factors of pregnant women in Henan province,so as to provide scientific basis for the development of appropriate intervention measures.Methods A total of 450 pregnant women were selected from 14 county-level maternal and child health hospitals in Henan from January to November 2015.The basic information of pregnant women was collected with questionnaire,and hemoglobin(Hb) concentration was determined using cyanide methemoglobin method to analyze the anemia situation of pregnant women.Multivariate Logistic regression models were performed to analyze the influencing factors of anemia in pregnant women.Results There were 106 pregnant women with anemia,and the prevalence was 24.71%.The prevalence of anemia in the first,second and third trimesters were 13.18%,25.15% and 35.04%,respectively,the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=17.091,P<0.05).Moderate anemia was the main type of anemia during each trimester.Age above 30 years old(OR=1.938,95%CI:1.136-3.309),urban areas(OR=2.275,95%CI:1.326-3.905) were risk factors for anemia in pregnant women,while Han nationality(OR=0.105,95%CI:0.017-0.654),higher pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI)(OR=0.897,95%CI:0.822-0.979),higher vitamin C level(OR=0.925,95%CI:0.871-0.982) and blood glucose level(OR=0.529,95%CI:0.349-0.802) were all protective factors affecting anemia in pregnant women(all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in this study is relatively higher,so it is necessary to strengthen the health education of pregnant women during pregnancy,so as to correct anemia timely,and reduce the adverse effects of anemia on maternal and child health.