125例呼吸道感染后咳嗽患儿的病原构成及临床特征研究

Study on the pathogenic composition and clinical characteristics of 125 children with post-infection cough

目的了解感染后咳嗽(PIC)患儿的易感年龄、病原分布及过敏情况,为儿童感染后咳嗽的治疗提供临床依据。方法采用回顾性的研究方法,选择2018年6月至2019年6月于西安市儿童医院呼吸科门诊就诊的符合感染后咳嗽的125例患儿,年龄大于5月龄,采集咽拭子,分析其呼吸道感染后咳嗽的病原构成及临床特征。结果125例PIC患儿中学龄前组(3~≤6岁)比例最高为48.8%,其次为婴幼儿组(≤3岁),学龄组(6~≤14岁)最低为14.40%;咽拭子肺炎支原体(MP)培养阳性41例(32.80%),咽拭子细菌培养阳性9例(7.20%),不同年龄段病原携带情况差异无统计学意义(χ^2值分别为3.966、0.195,均P>0.05);本研究有85例患儿存在过敏史,其中33例(38.82%)为MP携带,过敏患儿的MP阳性率高于非过敏患儿,差别有统计学意义(χ^2=4.372,P<0.05)。结论儿童呼吸道感染后咳嗽以学龄前组最常见,而MP感染与过敏体质的患儿可能更容易发生PIC。

Objective To understand the susceptible age,pathogen distribution and allergy of post-infection cough(PIC),and to provide a basis for the treatment of PIC in children.Methods A retrospective research method was used to select 125 patients aged more than 5 months with PIC who were treated in the outpatient department of the respiratory department of Xi’an Children’s Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019.Then pharyngeal swabs were collected to analyze the pathogenic composition and clinical characteristics of PIC in children.Results The highest proportion of 125 children with PIC in the preschool group(3~≤6 years old) was 48.8%,followed by the infant group(≤3 years old),and the lowest in the school-age group(6~≤14 years old) was 14.40%.There were 41(32.80%) positive cases of pharyngeal swab Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) culture and 9(7.20%) positive cases of pharyngeal swab bacteria culture.There was no statistically significant difference in pathogen carrying status between different age groups(χ^2=3.966 and 0.195,respectively,both P>0.05).In this study,85 patients had a history of allergies,of which 33(38.82%) were carriers of MP.The MP positive rate of allergic children was higher than that of non-allergic children,the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=4.372,P<0.05).Conclusion Coughing after respiratory infection in children is most common in preschool group,and children with MP infection and allergies may be more likely to develop PIC.