西北旱地秸秆覆盖对小麦产量及农田生态效应的影响

Effects of Straw Mulching on Wheat Yield and Farmland Ecological Effect in Northwest Dry Land

为明确西北地区秸秆覆盖小麦增产机理,在查阅相关研究成果的基础上,分析了秸秆覆盖对小麦产量及其构成要素的影响,发现免耕秸秆覆盖可较无覆盖提高西北地区小麦产量10%~20%,增产效果显著。分析原因,发现其对小麦增产的机理在于对农田生态效应的有效调控:秸秆覆盖可较露地显著增加土壤大团聚体数量,提高土壤结构的稳定性;增加土壤0~200 cm土层含水量;调节地温,避免温度的剧烈波动;增加土壤微生物群落及土壤肥力;提高土壤酶活性。该文主要概述了西北地区秸秆覆盖对小麦产量及农田效应的影响,旨在为西北地区小麦秸秆覆盖提供理论依据。

In order to clarify mechanism of wheat yield increase in northwest China,on basis of consulting relevant research results,effects of straw mulching on wheat yield and its components were analyzed.It was found that no-tillage straw mulching could increase wheat yield by 10%~20%in northwest regions compared with no mulching,and effect of yield increase was remarkable.Reasons for increase in yield were analyzed,and it was found that mechanism of wheat yield increase lied in effective regulation of farmland ecological effects that straw mulching could significantly increase number of large soil aggregates and improve stability of soil structure,increase soil water content of 0~200 cm soil layer,adjust ground temperature to avoid severe temperature fluctuations,increase soil microbial community and soil fertility,and improve soil enzyme activity.Effects of straw mulching on wheat yield and farmland effects were mainly summarized,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for wheat straw mulching in northwest China.