金融多样性、创业选择与农户贫困脆弱性

Financial Diversity,Entrepreneurship Choice and Poverty Vulnerability of Farmers

从个体创业角度,基于中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)2016数据研究农村金融多样性对农户贫困脆弱性的影响。实证结果表明,农村金融多样性能够有效降低农户贫困脆弱性,促进农户创业是金融多样性改善农户贫困脆弱性的重要机制。基于创业特征的异质性分析发现,相较于雇主型创业、涉农创业和生存型创业,自雇型创业、非农创业和发展型创业在这一机制中发挥了更强的中介效应。进一步分析异质性产生原因,发现农户大规模创业主要通过风险管理效应降低风险脆弱性,小规模创业能够同时通过风险管理和收入增长效应缓减贫困脆弱性;发展型创业则在收入增长、风险管理和资本积累效应上都优于生存型创业。本文结论表明推动农户创业是金融助力脱贫攻坚的长效机制。

From the perspective of individual entrepreneurship,this paper studies the impact of rural financial diversity on farmers’poverty vulnerability based on CLDS 2016 data.The result shows that financial diversity can effectively reduce the poverty vulnerability of farmers,and promoting farmers’entrepreneurship is an important mechanism in it.The heterogeneity analysis based on entrepreneurial characteristics found that compared with employer-type entrepreneurship,agriculture-related entrepreneurship and survival entrepreneurship,self-employment entrepreneurship,non-agricultural entrepreneurship and developmental entrepreneurship play a stronger mediating role in this mechanism.Further analysis found that employer-type entrepreneurship mainly reduces risk vulnerability through risk management effects,self-employment entrepreneurship can simultaneously reduce poverty vulnerability through risk management and income growth effects;developmental entrepreneurship is superior to survival entrepreneurship in terms of income growth,risk management and capital accumulation effects.The conclusions of this paper indicate that promoting farmers’entrepreneurship is a long-term mechanism for finance to help the poor.