风险社会下智慧金融的私法责任

On Private Law Responsibility of Smart Finance in Risk Society

实践层面的智慧金融正如火如荼地发展,但是在中国现有法律框架下,智慧金融在公法上存在监管困境,在私法上其所涉及的科技公司和金融服务机构两大主体都存在归责不足的问题,且智慧金融的私法责任问题往往被忽视。为了建构智慧金融主体的私法责任,对于科技公司,法律应当以风险领域理论为依据确立其应当负担风险责任,同时采取动态体系论的立法模式设立科技公司风险责任的一般条款。对于金融服务机构,从解释论出发金融服务机构应当对金融消费者或投资者承担信义义务,但该问责方式有过于简化责任归属的弊端;从立法论出发,在科技公司提供的智慧金融产品符合高级人工智能标准的情况下,可以考虑基于“所有权”与“控制权”分离的理论让金融服务机构承担有限责任。

Smart finance is developing rapidly.But in Chinese law,there are regulatory difficulties in the public law of smart finance and imperfect liability system about the technology companies and financial service institutions in private law,and the problem of private liability of smart finance is often ignored.In order to construct the private law responsibility of smart finance,for the fintech companies,the law could require them to bear risk responsibilities based on the theory of the risk domain,and adopt the flexible approach to establish general terms of risk responsibilities;for the financial institution,as far as interpretation is concerned,financial institutions should bear fiduciary duties to investors.But such accountability method are too simplified.In terms of legislation,when smart financial products provided by fintech companies comply with advanced artificial intelligence standards,it can be considered that financial institutions should bear limited liability based on the separating theory of“ownership”and“control power”.