4D打印——智能构件的增材制造技术

Four-dimensional Printing——the Additive Manufacturing Technology of Intelligent Components

4D打印技术自2013年提出以来就引起了学术和工业界的广泛关注,它属于智能构件的增材制造技术,是在材料、机械、力学、信息等学科高度交叉融合基础上产生的颠覆性制造技术。讨论了4D打印的概念与内涵;介绍了4D打印在航空航天、汽车、生物医疗和软体机器人等领域的应用前景;阐述了4D打印在智能构件设计、模拟仿真、数据处理与工艺规划、材料、成形工艺与装备和智能构件的功能评测等方面的发展现状以及目前存在的一些问题;提出了关于4D打印的研究思考,最后指出了4D打印的未来发展方向和研究重点。

4 D printing technology has aroused widespread attention in the academic and industrial communities since its conceptualization in 2013. It is an additive manufacturing technology for fabricating intelligent components and a revolutionary manufacturing technology based on the high degree of cross-integration of the disciplines including materials, mechanical engineering, dynamics, information, etc. This review paper clarifies the concept and connotation of 4 D printing and introduces the application prospects of 4 D printing in aerospace, automotive, biomedical and software robots. The state of the art of intelligent component design, simulation, materials, manufacturing processes & equipment, and functional evaluation of intelligent components in 4 D printing are also describe. Some existing problems are pointed out, and the research thoughts on 4 D printing are put forward. Finally, we propose the development direction and research focus of 4 D printing in the future.