绍兴市外来务工人员5岁以下子女营养不良状况及影响因素分析

Malnutrition status and influencing factors of children under 5 years old of migrant workers in Shaoxing City

目的调查绍兴市务工人员5岁以下子女营养不良状况,并分析其影响因素。方法通过随机抽样方式选取2018年1月至2020年1月绍兴市外来务工人员子女中2000名0~5岁儿童作为研究对象,受试者均进行问卷调查、体格测量等,了解该人群营养不良状况及其影响因素。对5岁以下儿童营养不良影响因素进行单因素分析,并采用Logistic回归模型对相关单因素进行多因素分析。结果本研究共发放2000份问卷,回收2000份,问卷回收率100.00%。0~1岁、1+~2岁、2+~3岁、3+~4岁、4+~5岁儿童分别占18.00%,20.00%,21.00%,21.50%,19.50%;城镇、农村儿童占比分别为52.50%,47.50%。城镇各年龄段儿童身高、体质量略高于农村,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2+~3岁组总营养不良发生率为50.00%,高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出生体质量,出生6个月喂养方式,添加辅食时间,家庭年人均收入,母亲文化程度,贫血,先天性疾病,近2周是否患过腹泻、呼吸道疾病与5岁以下儿童营养不良有显著关系,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将具有统计学意义的单因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析可知,出生时低体质量,出生后6个月内喂养方式为非母乳喂养,开始添加辅食时间≥12个月,家庭年人均收入<10000元,母亲文化程度小学以下,贫血,先天性疾病,近2周患过腹泻、呼吸道疾病是5岁以下儿童出现营养不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论绍兴市外来务工人员5岁以下子女营养不良主要受出生体质量、喂养方式、家庭状况以及患病情况等因素影响,应当加强对儿童营养保健知识的宣教工作,提供积极干预治疗措施,改善儿童生长发育不良情况。

Objective To investigate the malnutrition status of children under 5 years of age of migrant workers in Shaoxing City,and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Through random sampling,2,000 children aged 0-5 years from those of migrant workers in Shaoxing City from January 2018 to January 2020 were chosen as the research objects.All subjects were investigated by questionnaire and physical measurement to understand the malnutrition status and its influencing factors.The influencing factors of malnutrition in children under 5 years of age were analyzed by single factor analysis,and the multi-factor analysis was performed on the relevant single factors by Logistic regression model.Results A total of 2,000 questionnaires were distributed and 2,000 cases were collected with the questionnaire recovery rate 100.00%.Children in the 0-1 age bracket,in the 1+-2 age bracket,in the 2+-3 age bracket,in the 3+-4 age bracket and in the 4+-5 age bracket accounted for 18.00%,20.00%,21.00%,21.50%and 19.50%,respectively;urban and rural children accounted for 52.50%and 47.50%,respectively.The height and body weight of children in different age brackets in urban areas were slightly higher than those in rural areas,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The incidence of total malnutrition in the 2+-3 age bracket was 50.00%,which was higher than other age brackets,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The results showed that the malnutrition of children under 5 years of age was significantly related to birth weight,feeding mode within 6 months after birth,adding complementary foods time,family annual per-capita income,mother’s education degree,anemia,congenital diseases,whether had diarrhea and respiratory disease in the past 2 weeks,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).By including statistically significant single factors into multifactor Logistic regression analysis,it followed that the risk factors of malnutrition of children under 5 years of age involved low body weight at birth,non breastfeeding for feeding mode within 6 months after birth,the time of adding complementary foods great than or equal to 12 months,the family annual per capita income less than 10,000 yuan,the mother’s education degree below primary school,anemia,congenital diseases,diarrhea and respiratory disease in the past 2 weeks(P<0.05).Conclusion Malnutrition of children under 5 years of age of migrant workers in shaoxing city is mainly affected by birth weight,feeding mode,family status and disease situation.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of children’s nutrition and health care knowledge,provide active intervention and therapeutic measures,and improve the situation of children’s growth retardation.