居家防疫期间0~6岁儿童情绪行为变化研究

Emotions and Behaviors of Children Aged 0-6 during the Period of Epidemic Prevention at Home

目的:了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情居家防疫期间0~6岁儿童情绪行为变化及影响因素,为今后低龄儿童在类似情况下的健康促进与家庭教育干预方式提供理论依据。方法:在政府采取大规模疫情控制策略开始的1个月后,于2020年2月24日采用方便抽样法通过网络邀请0~6岁儿童的监护人进行线上问卷调查。结果:收回问卷的有效率为98.79%(163/165),主要来源于广东省(75.46%)。结果显示:9.82%儿童发生情绪波动;相关因素分析:独生子女[χ^2=8.82,P=0.003,OR=11.10(2.27~54.40)]、屏幕时间增加[χ^2=8.79,P=0.003,OR=5.80(1.81~18.53)]为儿童情绪波动的独立危险因素;父亲文化程度[χ^2=6.17,P=0.013,OR=3.58(1.31~9.81)]、家庭年收入[χ^2=4.52,P=0.033,OR=3.01(1.09~8.31)]、出门频率减少[χ^2=5.29,P=0.021,OR=4.10(1.23~13.67)]为儿童疫情期间屏幕时间增加的独立危险因素,且(4,5]岁儿童屏幕时间增加的风险是(0,1]岁儿童的11.83倍(P=0.037),(5,6]岁屏幕时间增加的风险是(0,1]岁的9.22倍(P=0.048);儿童情绪波动发生频率与食欲变化(P=0.020)呈负相关,与其适应居家生活所用时间呈正相关(P=0.029);农村居住儿童出门频率明显比城市儿童高(P=0.001);父亲文化程度[χ^2=9.00,P=0.003,OR=9.57(2.19~41.86)]、母亲文化程度[χ^2=9.06,P=0.003,OR=4.78(1.73~13.24)]为儿童居家隔离期间学习时间增多的保护因素。结论:COVID-19疫情期间居家隔离生活对部分0~6岁儿童的情绪行为产生影响,独生子女、屏幕时间增加是其情绪波动的独立危险因素,同时伴随食欲改变及适应能力下降,而父亲文化程度越高、家庭年收入越高、年龄越大、出门频率减少则是疫情期间屏幕时间增加的独立危险因素。

Objective:To understand the emotion,behavior and the influencing factors at home epidemic prevention during the epidemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)in children aged 0-6,and to provide a theoretical basis for the health promotion and family intervention education of that age in similar situations.Methods:On February 24,2020,a convenient sampling method was used to invite guardians of children aged 0-6 to conduct a online questionnaire survey one month after the government adopted a large-scale outbreak control strategy.Results:The effective rate of the questionnaire was 98.79%(163/165),mainly from Guangdong Province(75.46%).The 9.82%of children experienced mood swings.The only child[χ^2=8.82,P=0.003,OR=11.10(2.27-54.40)]and increased screen time[χ^2=8.79,P=0.003,OR=5.80(1.81-18.53)]were independent risk factor for children's mood swings.The high the father's educational level[χ^2=6.17,P=0.013,OR=3.58(1.31-9.81)],the high family's annual income[χ^2=4.52,P=0.033,OR=3.01(1.09-8.31)]and the reduced frequency of going out[χ^2=5.29,P=0.021,OR=4.10(1.23-13.67)]were independent risk factors for the increase of screen time in children during the epidemic.The increased risk of screen time in children aged(4,5]was 11.83 times that of children aged(0,1](P=0.037),and the increased risk of screen time in children aged(5,6]was 9.22 times that of children aged(0,1](P=0.048).The frequency of adverse emotions was negatively correlated with appetite(P=0.020)and positively correlated to the time spent adapting to home life(P=0.029).The frequency of children living in rural areas going out was significantly higher than that in urban areas(P=0.001).The higher the education level of the father(P=0.003)and mother(P=0.003)were the protective factors for the increase of learning time in children during the epidemic.Conclusion:The only child in the family and the increasing screen time are independent risk factors for children's emotional fluctuations.It will also be accompanied by changes in appetite and decreased ability to adapt.And higher educational level of the father,higher family income,older age,and decreased frequency of outdoors are independent risk factors during the epidemic.