学龄期不同性别注意缺陷多动障碍儿童注意力特征分析

Attention Investigation on Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Different Genders at School Age

目的:探讨学龄期不同性别注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童与普通儿童在不同维度注意力表现上的差异。方法:将符合DSM-Ⅴ的ADHD诊断标准的学龄期儿童62例,分为ADHD男生组32例和ADHD女生组30例,同时招募普通儿童65例,分为对照男生组33例和对照女生组32例;采用《国小儿童注意力量表》评估4组儿童的总体注意力和不同注意力维度的表现,采集数据进行统计分析。结果:ADHD组儿童在总体注意力表现和集中性、持续性、选择性与分配性4种注意力维度上的表现低于对照组(P<0.05);ADHD男生组在总体注意力表现和集中性、持续性、选择性、交替性与分配性5种注意力维度上的表现低于对照男生组和对照女生组(P<0.05),ADHD女生组在总体注意力表现和集中性、持续性与分配性3种注意力维度上的表现低于对照男生组和对照女生组(P<0.05);ADHD男生组在选择性、交替性和分配性3种注意力维度上的表现低于ADHD女生组(P<0.05),ADHD女生组在持续性注意力维度上的表现低于ADHD男生组(P<0.05)。结论:①不同性别的普通学龄期儿童在总体注意力和不同注意力维度的表现上没有差异;②ADHD学龄期儿童在总体注意力表现和集中性、持续性、选择性与分配性注意力4种不同注意力维度上的表现低于普通儿童;③不同性别的ADHD儿童在不同维度注意力缺陷上存在量与质的差异,ADHD学龄期男生存在5种注意力维度缺陷,而ADHD学龄期女生存在3种注意力维度缺陷;④ADHD学龄期男生的分配性注意力缺陷比ADHD学龄期女生更严重,而ADHD学龄期女生的持续性注意力缺陷比ADHD学龄期男生更严重。

Objective:To explore the different dimensions of attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)and normal children of different genders at school age.Methods:A total of 62 children at school age who complied with DSM-V ADHD diagnostic criteria were divided into 32 male ADHD group and 30 female ADHD group,in the meantime,65 normal children were recruited and divided into 33 male control group and 32 female control group.Chinese Children's Attention Scale was used to evaluate the overall attention and different dimensions of attention in the four groups of children and data was collected for statistical analysis.Results:The performance of children in ADHD group was lower than that of control group in terms of overall attention and four dimensions of attention,including focused attention,sustained attention,selected attention and divided attention(P<0.05).The performance of male ADHD group was lower than that of male control group and female control group in terms of overall attention and five dimensions of attention,including focused attention,sustained attention,selected attention,divided attention and alternated attention(P<0.05).The performance of female ADHD group was lower than that of male control group and female control group in terms of overall attention and three dimensions of attention,including focused attention,sustained attention and divided attention(P<0.05).The performance of male ADHD group was lower than that of female ADHD group in terms of three dimensions of attention,including selected attention,alternated attention and divided attention(P<0.05).The performance of female ADHD group was lower than that of male ADHD group in terms of sustained attention(P<0.05).Conclusion:There was no difference in overall attention and different dimensions of attention among normal school-age children of different genders.School-age children with ADHD showed lower performance in overall performance and four dimensions of attention,including focused attention,sustained attention,selected attention and divided attention than normal children.There were quantitative and qualitative differences in different dimensions of attention deficit among children with ADHD of different genders.School-age male children with ADHD had five dimensions of attention deficit while school-age female children with ADHD had three dimensions of attention deficit.Divided attention deficit was more severe in school-age male children with ADHD than in school-age female children with ADHD,while sustained attention was more severe in school-age female children with ADHD than in school-age male children with ADHD.