三峡库区生态敏感区生态系统服务价值及生态安全变化——以重庆市云阳、奉节、巫山三县为例

Changes in Ecosystem Service Value and Ecological Security in the Ecologically Sensitive Area of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area——A Case Study on Yunyang,Fengjie and Wushan County,Chongqing City

为了从时间和空间上直观得看出区域生态服务价值和生态安全的变化趋势以及二者的相互联系,以云阳、奉节、巫山三县2000年、2006年、2012年、2018年4期土地利用/覆盖变化数据为基础,ENVI,ArcGIS软件为平台,在修正后的生态服务价值系数的基础上,引入人为干扰指数和景观脆弱度指数,对云阳、奉节、巫山的生态系统服务价值和生态安全进行评价。结果表明:林地对生态服务价值的总量贡献最大,其次是耕地、草地和水域,建设用地贡献生态服务负向价值,林地分布区域是生态服务价值高值区域,生态服务价值低值区集中分布在城镇区域;林地受人为干扰较小,景观脆弱化度程度小,林地区域生态安全状况较好,而耕地、建设用地受人为影响大,景观脆弱化度程度明显,生态环境安全性较差;2000—2018年研究区在大尺度上景观格局没有发生明显变化,生态服务总价值在2000—2018年期间呈增加趋势,区域的生态环境安全状况逐渐改善;生态安全格局与生态服务价值空间分布格局保持相对一致;生态安全高值区主集中于生态服务价值高值区,生态服务价值较低区域的生态安全也较差。

In order to visually see the changing trend of regional ecological service value and ecological security and the interrelation between them from time and space,based on the four issues of land use/cover change data of Yunyang County,Fengjie County and Wushan County in 2000,2006,2012 and 2018,and using the Envi,ArcGIS software as platform,and on the basis of the revised Ecological Service Value Coefficient,artificial disturbance index and landscape vulnerability index were introduced to evaluate the ecosystem service values and ecological security of Yunyang County,Fengjie County and Wushan County.The results showed that the total contribution of forestland to the ecological service value was the largest,followed by arable land,grassland and water area,the construction land contributed the negative ecological service value;the forestland distribution area was the area with the high value ecological service value,the areas with low ecological service value concentrated in the urban areas,the forestland was less disturbed by human activities,the degree of landscape fragility was less,the ecological security of forestland was better;the cultivated land and construction land were greatly influenced by human activities,the degree of landscape vulnerability was obvious and the ecological environment security was poor,the landscape pattern had not changed obviously on the large scale,and the total value of ecological services had increased from 2000 to 2018,the regional ecological environment security situation had gradually improved,the ecological security pattern and the spatial distribution pattern of the ecological service value had kept relatively consistent,and the areas with high values of the ecological security mainly focused on the areas with the high ecological service values,while the areas with the low ecological service values were the areas with poor ecological security levels.