“三生空间”视角下万州区景观生态安全评价及其耦合特征分析

Evaluation and Coupling Coordination Analysis of Landscape Ecological Security of Wanzhou District from the Perspective of Production-Life-Ecological Space

为了探究典型生态脆弱区的景观生态安全格局变化规律,以万州区为例,从三生空间视角出发,综合运用景观生态学、地统计学和耦合协调模型,系统分析了万州区2009—2018年景观生态安全时空变化特征和耦合协调特征。结果表明:(1)2009—2018年,万州区以林地生态空间为主,城镇生活空间迅速扩张,农业生产空间缩减较多,土地利用程度提高;(2)万州区景观生态安全整体处于较高水平,呈现中部高、东北—西南低的空间分布特征,安全区集中分布在城镇中心,呈明显的“L”型分布,不安全区主要沿长江流域分布;(3)万州区景观生态安全存在较强的空间正相关关系,“高—高”聚集区主要分布于城镇中心,“低—低”聚集区集中分布于甘宁镇、响水镇和龙沙镇;最佳拟合模型为高斯模型和线性模型;(4)万州区“三生空间”景观生态安全的耦合协调度水平不高,整体上呈现“中部高,四周低”的空间分布特征,河流地区的景观生态安全在“生活—生态”空间上还未实现同步发展,城镇中心的景观生态安全在“生产—生态”空间上也处于失衡发展阶段。因此,优化布局各类土地利用类型,控制城镇生活用地的有序扩张,提高生态用地的稳定性和抗干扰性,促进三生空间生态安全的协调发展,对于万州区未来的生态建设和可持续发展具有重要意义。

In order to explore the changes in the landscape ecological security pattern of typical ecologically fragile areas,taking Wanzhou District as an example,we used landscape ecology,geostatistics and coupling coordination model to systematically analyze the temporal and spatial change characteristics and coupling coordination characteristics of landscape ecological security in Wanzhou District from 2009 to 2018 from the perspective of production-life-ecology.The results show that:(1)from 2009 to 2018,the ecological space of forest land dominated Wanzhou District with the rapid expansion of urban living space,a large reduction of agricultural production space,and a higher degree of land use;(2)the overall landscape ecological security in Wanzhou District was at a high level with a high spatial distribution in the central part and a low spatial distribution in the northeast to the southwest;the safe area concentrated in the town center with an obvious L-shaped distribution;the disturbed area mainly distributed along the Yangtze River Basin;(3)there is a strong positive spatial correlation between the landscape ecological security in Wanzhou District;the‘high—high’cluster area mainly distributed in the town center,while the‘low—low’cluster area mainly distributed in Ganning Town,Xiangshui Town and Longsha Town;the best fitting models are gaussian model and linear model;(4)the level of coupling and coordination of the landscape ecological security of the‘production-life-ecological space’in the study area was not high,and the overall spatial distribution characteristics presented the high level in the middle and the low level in the surroundings;landscape ecological security in river regions had not yet achieved synchronous development in the‘life-ecological’space,and the landscape ecological security in the town center was also in the unbalanced development stage in the‘production-ecology’space.Therefore,it is of great significance for the future ecological construction and sustainable development of Wanzhou District to optimize the layout of various land use types,control the orderly expansion of urban living land,improve the stability and anti-interference of ecological land,and promote the coordinated development of production-life-ecological space ecological security.