贯叶马兜铃叶挥发性成分的地理变化及其潜在价值分析

Variation of volatile components of leaves from different Aristolochia delavayi populations and its potential value

为探究贯叶马兜铃(Aristolochia delavayi)在不同地理居群挥发性成分含量的变化情况,该文采用固相微萃取-气质联用技术分析了来自五个不同地理区域的贯叶马兜铃叶的挥发性成分,并用气相色谱面积归一化法对各成分进行了定量。结果表明:四个贯叶马兜铃居群植株叶挥发性主成分均为癸烯醛,且占有较高比例。香格里拉三坝乡、丽江大具、楚雄铁锁乡和禄劝则黑乡四个居群植株叶中挥发性成分癸烯醛分别占挥发性成分检出总量的63.5%、79.3%、69.9%、79.6%,其中大具和禄劝两居群含量相对较高并且稳定性较好。分布在鹤庆黄坪的居群,检测出其挥发性主成分为乙酸龙脑酯(30.1%),但癸烯醛含量仅占4.5%,该结果与其他居群有明显差异。通过对该物种不同居群植株叶片挥发性癸烯醛含量的分析,确定了质量更好的种源,同时结合该植物所含马兜铃酸的情况,提出了健康安全的食用方式。该研究结果为合理开发贯叶马兜铃的经济价值及保护该濒危物种提供了技术指导和理论支持。

In order to study the variation of volatile components from dried leaves of different Aristolochia delavayi populations,solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection was used to analyze the chemical composition of these plants.The relative amount of each compound was determined by area normalization method.The results showed that the main volatile component of dry leaves was(E)-2-Decenal,which accounted for 63.5%,79.3%,69.9%,79.6%of the total volatile components,detected in the four populations of Shangri-La,Lijiang,Chuxiong,Luquan,respectively.However,the samples belonging to the Huangping population,Heqing County,showed a different volatile component pattern.The main volatile component from this population was bornyl acetate(30.1%)and(E)-2-Decenal only accounted for 4.5%,which was significantly lower than that of in the samples of the other four populations,and the possible reasons for the difference were analyzed and discussed.By analyzing the content of volatiles components in the leaves of A.delavayi,we identified the excellent germplasm of A.delavayi.At the same time,the healthy and safe eating methods were put forward according to the situation of aristolochic acid contained in the plant.The study also provides technical guidance and theoretical support for rational use of this traditional medicinal plant species and protection this endangered species in China.