产权改革视角下的农村土地“三权分置”与抵押融资模式研究

Research on Rural Land “Three Rights Separation” and Mortgage Financing Mode from the Perspective of Property Right Reform

我国农村土地具有所有权、承包权和经营权3种权属关系。在土地产权制度改革进程中,先后经历了"两权分离""三权分离""三权分置"3个历史阶段。相应地,农村承包土地的经营权抵押贷款业务也实现了从无到有、从小到大的发展过程。随着政策的放开以及相应法律条款的豁免,农村承包土地的经营权抵押贷款业务快速发展,业务覆盖范围和规模不断扩大,出现了适应现代农业发展需求的多种模式。但客观上看,农村承包土地的经营权抵押贷款业务仍然受到法律制约,抵押资产的处置和风险等问题仍然突出,需要在多个层次和维度上进行综合化改进,全面释放农村土地的融资价值。

The rural lands in China possess three kinds of right,which are ownership right,contract right and management right.In the process of Chinese land property system,we have witnessed three historical stages.The first one is the stage of two rights separation,the second one is the stage of three rights separation and the third one is the stage of three rights division.Accordingly,the mortgage loan of rural land contractual management right has experienced the developing process from nothing to something.As the relevant policy gradually liberalized,the mortgage loan of rural land contractual management right grows fast.The coverage and scale of the mortgage loan of rural land contractual management right keep expanding gradually.But objectively speaking,there are lots of problems need to be addressed,such as lawful restrictions of the mortgage loan of rural land contractual management right,and risks of the disposal of mortgaged assets,so as to comprehensively release the financing value of rural lands.