丝膜菌属有毒蘑菇及其毒素研究进展

Research progress on poisonous mushrooms in Cortinarius and their toxins

丝膜菌属Cortinarius是蘑菇目Agaricales中最大的属,目前已描述的物种超过2000种,该属中一些种类含有剧毒的奥来毒素,可引起急性肾衰并导致死亡。本文对丝膜菌属有毒蘑菇中毒及种类、中毒临床症状、奥来毒素的检测方法、毒性毒理和中毒治疗以及奥来毒素在肾癌治疗中的应用等方面进行了梳理和综述,并对一些热点研究领域进行了展望。

The genus Cortinarius is the largest genus of Agaricales with more than 2000 species described,and some species contain fatal orellanine which can cause acute renal failure and lead to death.In this paper,the poisonous species,toxicosis clinical symptoms,detection,toxicity,toxicology and detoxification of orellanine as well as application of orellanine in the treatment of renal cancer are reviewed.The prospects in some hot research fields are discussed.