中药活性成分调控血管新生的研究进展

Research progress in the regulation of angiogenesis by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine

血管新生已成为临床上治疗多种疾病的靶点,一方面可通过抑制血管新生治疗癌症、动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病视网膜病变等多种血管生成过度的疾病;另一方面通过促进血管新生改善由于血管生成不足而造成的心肌梗死、心肌缺血/再灌注损伤、脑卒中和伤口久愈不合等缺血性疾病症状。研究表明,许多中药有效成分可通过不同途径调节血管新生从而有效治疗相关疾病。因此,本文从抗血管与促血管两方面,总结了中药活性成分对血管新生的调控,并对其作用机制进行归纳,为与血管新生相关疾病的治疗提供依据。

Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vasculature,which plays a critical role in several diseases.Under the normal physiological conditions,only about 0.5%of endothelial cells(ECs)undergo mitosis,while the most ECs are in a resting state.Angiogenesis is a dynamic process in which ECs shift from resting to activated state,including three basic steps:①excessive vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),basic fibroblast growth factor(FGF),platelet-derived endothelial growth factor(PDGF)and other pro-angiogenic factors secreted by ECs can promote the germination of ECs in the original blood vessels;②the sprouts are continuously elongated through the proliferation of ECs and the degradation and migration of basement membrane.At this time,the ECs present two phenotypes with filamentous feet and strong proliferation ability;③the buds are continuously elongated to form a tubular structure and connect with adjacent blood vessels,and the junction is wrapped by wall cells and basement membrane to form new blood vessels.Nowadays,angiogenesis has become a target for clinical treatment of multifarious diseases.On one hand,anti-angiogenesis is used to treat various diseases with excessive angiogenesis,such as cancer,atherosclerosis,and diabetic retinopathy,etc.On the other hand,the diseases caused by insufficient angiogenesis,including myocardial infarction,myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,stroke,wound long-term healing and other ischemic diseases can be improved by pro-angiogenesis therapy.Large numbers of researches have shown that many active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively treat the previously mentioned diseases by regulating angiogenesis in different ways.Therefore,the anti-and pro-angiogenesis effects of some active ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine and their mechanism were summarized in this manuscript,arming to provide theoretical basis for the development of new drugs for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.