有机肥料对烟叶成分及品质的影响

Effects of organic fertilizer on the composition and quality of tobacco leaves

采用田间试验方法,设5个处理(处理肥料均为1500 kg/hm2)菜子饼肥(T1)、芝麻饼肥(T2)、蚯蚓粪(T3)、高碳基肥(T4)和化学肥料对照(9N∶9P∶27K)(T5),研究不同有机肥料对烤烟化学成分和质量评吸的影响。结果表明,在福建省南平市邵武市K326植烟区,施用菜子饼肥、芝麻饼肥、蚯蚓粪和高碳基肥均能影响初烤烤烟的成分含量和评吸结果,影响的因素较多,以透发性指标为例,芝麻饼肥处理对B2F烟叶透发性最好,香气质也最好,总氮含量最低;透发性与香气质、还原糖、糖碱比和氮、钾含量有关。菜子饼肥对C3F烟叶透发性最好,与钾含量有关。1500 kg/hm2芝麻饼肥或菜子饼肥能综合提高烟叶的透发性。

In order to study the effects of different kinds of organic fertilizer on the composition and quality of flue-cured tobacco,five treatments(1500 kg/hm2)were used in the field experiment,included rapeseed cake fertilizer(T1),sesame cake fertilizer(T2),earthworm manure(T3),high carbon base fertilizer(T4)and chemical fertilizer control(9N∶9P∶27K)(T5).The effects of fertilizer types on the chemical composition and quality evaluation of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results showed that the application of rapeseed cake fertilizer,sesame cake fertilizer,earthworm manure and high-carbon base fertilizer could affect the content of compo⁃nents and the results of smoking evaluation in the K326 tobacco planting area of Shaowu city.There were many factors that affected the content of components and smoking evaluation of the flue-cured tobacco.Taking permeability index as an example,sesame cake fertilizer treatment had the best penetrability,aroma quality and the lowest total nitrogen content;permeability was related to aroma quality,re⁃ducing sugar,sugar alkali ratio and nitrogen and potassium content.Rapeseed cake fertilizer had the best permeability to C3F tobacco,which was related to potassium content.1500 kg/hm2 sesame cake fertilizer or rapeseed cake fertilizer could comprehensively improve the permeability of tobacco leaves.