中国马克思主义实践哲学研究的当代价值——以中国理性思维方式的建构为主线

The Contemporary Research Value of Marxist Practical Philosophy in China:Following the Construction of Chinese Rational Thinking

中国马克思主义实践哲学研究在20世纪80年代的兴起,标志着中国马克思主义哲学的发展进入一个新时期。以20世纪90年代中期为界,这一新时期可分为两个阶段:第一阶段主要通过解读《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的“实践”概念,消除传统哲学教科书体系的知识结构和理论框架的不利影响,实现中国马克思主义哲学传统的自我更新;第二阶段主要通过中国现代性的研究,对社会主义市场经济确立和发展中可能出现的某些实践层面的问题进行反思,建构以“危机/批判”为内在结构的中国特色的历史理性思维方式。这一历史理性思维方式既对我们思考中国在21世纪的发展有效,也对我们观察当下这一危机四伏的世界有效。就此而言,中国现代性研究虽然表面上冲淡了实践哲学主题,但实质上并没有抛弃马克思主义实践哲学的内在精神,而是以一种新的研究方式揭示了马克思主义实践哲学与中国伟大实践的紧密联系,进而推进了中国实践哲学的研究,彰显了马克思主义实践哲学的当代价值。

The rise of contemporary Chinese research on Marxist practical philosophy in the 1980s indicates that the development of Chinese Marxist philosophy had entered a new period.Taking the mid-1990s as the boundary,this development can be divided into two stages.The first stage is characterized by the elimination of the negative influence of both the knowledge structures and the theoretical frameworks of traditional philosophical systems in the realization of the self-renewal of Chinese Marxist philosophy,first of all by interpreting Marx's concept of“practice”as found in his work,Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844.The second stage is characterized by more recent research on Chinese modernity that engages some of the practical problems that arose with the establishment of the socialist market economy,and it attempts to reconstruct historical rational thinking with Chinese characteristics by prioritizing the crisis and criticisms of the internal structure of that mode of thinking.The present study argues that historical rational thinking is not only effective for considering China's development in the 21st century,but also effective in observing certain dangers inherent in the current experience of the world.Although research on Chinese modernity might appear to dilute the central themes of Marxist practical philosophy,in fact it does not essentially abandon its inner spirit;instead,it reveals its close relationship with China's great practice in innovative ways.Continuing to promote research in Chinese practical philosophy in this way highlights the contemporary value of Marxist practical philosophy.