近百年来中国“精神人文主义”的建构性探索

A Constructive Analysis of China's Spiritual Humanism over the Past 100 Years

近百年中国思想史是一部中华民族摆脱贫困落后、追求现代化的奋斗史,也是中华民族探求本民族文化精神的发展史。本文通过对后“五四”时期百年思想史的回望,揭示了基于儒家文化的“精神人文主义”是具有里程碑意义的建构性探索。此“建构性”基于两个前提:一是建立在对现代性之自觉的基础上;二是建立在对全球伦理的困境以及文明对话的基础上。其建构性表现为:在以“仁”为核心的中国伦理道德的传统资源中建立中国“精神人文主义”的框架;以具有终极意义的心性之学批判现代性的过度物化单面性;扩展“仁”内含的同情以达致社会和谐发展和精神上的超越。

The history of Chinese thought over the course of the past century is deeply marked by the struggles of the Chinese nation to eliminate poverty while pursuing modernization.This history is also deeply entwined with the development of the spirit of national culture.This study offers a constructive analysis of the spiritual humanism that is based on traditional Confucian culture through a historical review of the post-May 4th period.It is“constructive”in that it is based on two important premises:one is the Chinese awareness of modernity,and the other is the global ethical dilemma involving dialogue between civilizations.This study explores the universal value of Chinese spiritual humanism from three dimensions.The first is from the establishment of its specific framework in Chinese ethics from traditional sources for which the virtue of“benevolence”supplies the core;the second is from the criticism of modernity's over-materialized unilateralism based on the ultimate meaning of the theory of the harmony of the heart-mind with human nature;and the third is from the expansion of the compassion inherent in benevolence that leads to the harmonious development of society.