地聚合物胶凝材料性能及工程应用研究综述

Review on Property of Geopolymer Binder and Its Engineering Application

针对地聚合物胶凝材料的制备及其应用技术,从理论研究和工程应用2个角度对这一领域进展进行归类和分析。在基本理论部分,详细介绍了国内外对地聚合物的反应机理、产物结构特征及其性能的研究成果,并系统论述了影响地聚合物结构及其性能的重要因素。在工程应用部分,重点阐述了地聚合物在加筋混凝土结构、制备建筑砌块/砖和加固不良土体等方面的应用研究进展。结果表明:地聚合物是一种具有三维空间网状结构的聚硅铝酸盐胶凝材料,其反应过程和产物结构特征均不同于普通硅酸盐水泥;合理的碱激发剂类型与浓度、适宜的Si/Al比和Na(K)/Al比、适量的钙组分以及合理的养护条件等均有利于提高地聚合产物的力学性能和耐久性能;地聚合物材料不仅具有很多优异的性能,而且其能耗低、排放少,在加筋混凝土结构、制备建筑砌块/砖、加固不良土体等领域有着非常广阔的应用前景,但关于地聚合物加筋混凝土构件、地聚合物砌块/砖和地聚合物固化土在多种环境因素耦合作用下的耐久性能等问题仍需进行深入探讨与研究。

In view of the preparation and application technology of geopolymer binder,the theoretical achievements and engineering applications of geopolymers were reviewed.In terms of theoretical achievements,in addition to basic theories on the reaction mechanism,structure and properties of geopolymers,the important factors influencing the structure and properties of geopolymers were systematically discussed.Regarding the engineering applications,the advances in the use of geopolymers in reinforced concrete structures,preparation of building blocks/bricks,and reinforcement of poor soils were comprehensively summarized.The results show that geopolymers are amorphous aluminosilicate gels with three-dimensional network structures,and their reaction process and structural characterization are different from those of ordinary Portland cement.Additionally,suitable types and concentrations of alkali activator,reasonable Si/Al and Na(K)/Al ratios,suitable amount of calcium components,and reasonable curing conditions can effectively improve the mechanical properties and durability of geopolymers.Geopolymer binders possess many excellent properties,have low-energy consumption,and produce low carbon emissions,which make them broad engineering application prospects in reinforced concrete structures,preparation of building blocks/bricks,and improvement of poor soils.However,the durability of reinforced geopolymer concrete members,geopolymer bricks/blocks,and geopolymer stabilized soils exposed to multiple environmental factors still need discussing and examining further.