玉米不同收获方式对种子活力等性状的影响

Effects of Different Harvesting Method on Maize Seed Vigor

种子活力是检验种子质量的一项重要指标,不同收获方式的种子活力不同。以辽单588为材料,采用授粉后35 d适时收获和授粉35 d后站杆晾晒至65 d延时收获2种方式的种子进行发芽试验、种子萌发测定、苗期生物量测定、苗期低温试验、种子淀粉粒观察、苗期叶片气孔结构观察等,分析不同收获方式对玉米种子活力和苗期生长的影响。结果表明,适时收获的种子发芽势高,种子活力高,在苗期抗寒3.5 h能够抵御不良环境的影响,幼苗存活率高于延时收获的种子。适时收获的种子内部淀粉粒较大,内含物含量多,在玉米苗期能够提供充足的营养,使苗期生物量显著高于延时收获的种子。因此,玉米种子达到生理成熟时应适时采收,以避免恶劣天气对种子活力造成不良影响。

Seed vigor is an important index to test seed quality and different harvesting methods has different effects on seed vigor.In this study,the seeds of maize variety Liaodan 588 harvested at the right time 35 days after pollination and harvested at 65 days sun-cure by upright stem were used as experimental materials to conduct germination test,determination of seed germination,determination of biomass at seedling stage,low-temperature test at seedling stage,observation of seed starch granule,observation of stomatal structure of leaves at seedling stage,etc.And the effects of different harvesting methods on seed vigor and seedling growth of maize were also analyzed.The results showed that seeds harvested at the right time had higher germination potential and higher seed vigor,and which could resist cold for 3.5 h during seedling stage to withstand adverse environment.Meanwhile,the seedling survival rate was higher than that of seeds harvested at 65 days ones.In addition,the seeds harvested at the right time had larger starch grains and more contents,which could provide sufficient nutrition at the seedling stage,and the biomass of the seeds harvested at the right time was significantly higher than that of the seeds harvested at 65 days.Therefore,the maize seeds reaching physiological maturity should be harvested at the right time,so as to avoid the influence of bad weather on seed vigor.