北京市昌平区疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

Surveillance of adverse event following immunization in Changping district of Beijing

目的了解2017—2018年北京市昌平区疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的发生情况,评价监测系统的敏感性和疫苗安全性。方法从全国AEFI信息管理系统中导出2017—2018年北京市昌平区AEFI个案资料,采用EXCEL和SPSS 22.0进行描述流行病学分析。结果2017—2018年昌平区共报告AEFI 665例,报告发生率为30.50/10万,不同年度报告发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6.617,P<0.05);报告数男性(398例)多于女性(267例),男女性别比为1.49∶1,年龄以1岁及以下最多、占80.15%,AEFI多发生在疫苗接种24 h内(74.29%),4—6月报告数最多(37.59%);“百白破”疫苗(无细胞)AEFI报告数居首位(136例),DTap-IPV-Hib“五联”疫苗AEFI发生率最高(185.24/10万);AEFI的一般反应以发热/红肿/硬结为主(99.00%),异常反应以荨麻疹为主(56.06%)。结论北京市昌平区报告AEFI以一般反应为主,应加强小年龄组儿童接种疫苗24 h内监测。

Objective To understand the adverse event following immunization(AEFI)in Changping district of Beijing from 2017 to 2018,and evaluate the sensitivity of the surveillance system and the safety of vaccine.Methods The material of AEFI in Changping district from 2017 to 2018 were derived from National AEFI Information Management System,and analyzed by EXCEL and SPSS 22.0 with descriptive epidemiology.Results Totally 665 cases of AEFI were reported in Changping district from 2017 to 2018,with the reported incidence rate of 30.50/100000 doses,and statistical difference(χ^2=6.617,P<0.05)in the reported incidence rates between 2017 and 2018.The reported number of AEFI was more in the male(398)than in the female(267),and the ratio of the male to the female was 1.49∶1.The cases of AEFI were mainly at the age of 1 year and younger(80.15%),and AEFI mostly occurred within 24 h after the vaccination(74.29%).Most cases of AEFI were reported from April to June(37.59%).The number of AEFI of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis vaccine(DTaP)was in top of the list(136 cases).The incidence rate of AEFI was the highest due to DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine(185.24/100000 doses).The common adverse reactions were mainly fever/red and swelling/induration(99.00%),and the main abnormal reactions was urticaria(56.06%).Conclusions The common adverse reactions are the main of AEFI reported in Changping district of Beijing.The surveillance of AEFI should be strengthened within 24 h after the vaccination in younger children.