新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生综合认知、心理及行为的研究

Study on comprehensive cognition,psychology and behavior of college students during COVID-19 outbreak

目的了解大学生在新冠肺炎期间的综合认知、心理和行为,为此类突发公共卫生事件的防控干预策略及高校健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段抽样与滚雪球抽样相结合的方法,于2020年3月18~20日进行72h的网络问卷调查。结果调查发放1036份问卷,收回有效问卷850份,有效率为82.05%。调查对象共涉及28个省(或直辖市)、143个地级市。大学生的综合认知优秀率为26.94%,不及格率为33.06%。在疾病特点纬度,大学生对潜伏期这个知识点的掌握程度不足。在“潜伏期时长”这一题中只有33.41%的大学生选了“1~14d,多为3~7d”,而选择“1~14 d”这一选项的大学生占53.74%。在“潜伏期传染性(正确率56.94%)”这一题中有40.99%的大学生选择了“一定传染”这一选项。在预防手段纬度,“饮水习惯(正确率13.88%)”的认知度偏低。疫情防控期间大学生都有调控心理应激的行为,不同年级之间有一定差异(P<0.05)。大一、大三学生的心理状况均优于大四及以上学生,大三学生的心理状况优于大二学生。男生锻炼行为总分为(26.40±3.85)分,女生为(26.34±3.72)分。医学生在综合认知、心理及锻炼行为三方面的得分皆高于非医学生(P<0.01)。综合认知方面医学生平均分数为(84.75±8.95)分,非医学生为(60.96±23.11)分;(P<0.01)心理方面医学生总分为(89.44±11.52)分,非医学生总分为(82.60±7.89)分;锻炼行为方面医学生总分为(28.00±5.21)分,非医学生为(25.90±3.05)分。29.29%的大学生选择在健身房这类不利于空气流通的场地进行锻炼。大学生对疫情的综合认知度得分与其心理状况得分呈正相关(r=0.30,P<0.01),心理状况得分与锻炼行为得分也呈正相关(r=0.11,P<0.01)。结论全国范围内的大学生对新冠肺炎的综合认知度都普遍偏低,心理状况和行为也有待改善。

Objective To understand the comprehensive cognition,psychology and behavior of college students during the COVID-19outbreak,so as to provide theoretical basis for developing targeted strategies on prevention and control of such emergent public health events and health education for colleges and universities.Methods A 72-hour online survey was conducted with a method of multistage sampling and snowball sampling during 18-20,March 2020.Results A total of 850valid questionnaires were collected and the effective rate was 82.04%.The subjects from 28provinces(or municipalities directly under the central government)and 143prefecture-level cities.The comprehensive cognitive excellence rate of college students was 26.94%,and the failure rate was 33.06%.In the disease characteristic latitude,the mastery degree of incubation was insufficient.In the question of incubation period,only 33.41%of the students chose"1-14days,mostly 3-7 days",while 53.74%chose"1-14days".In the question of the infectious rate during incubation period(accuracy:56.94%),40.99%of the students chose the option of"certain".The awareness of drinking habits(accuracy:13.88%)was low in the dimension of preventive measures.Almost every college student had the behavior of managing psychological stress,and there were some differences between different grades.The psychological condition of freshmen was better than that of senior and above,that of junior students was better than that of sophomore students,and that of junior students was better than that of senior students.The exercise behavior of boys was better than that of girls.The total score of exercise behavior of boys was 26.40±3.85,and that of girls was 26.34±3.72.The scores of medical students in comprehensive cognition,psychology and exercise behavior were all higher than those of non-medical students.The average score of medical students in comprehensive cognition was 84.75±8.95,that of non-medical students was 60.96±23.11(P<0.01).The average score of medical students in psychological condition was 89.44±11.52,that of non-medical students was 82.60±7.89.The average score of medical students in exercise behavior was 28.00±5.21,and that of non-medical students was 25.90±3.05.There were still 29.29%of college students exercising in gyms during the epidemic,which was not conducive to air circulation.The comprehensive cognitive scores of college students on epidemic situation were positively correlated with their psychological scores(r=0.300,P<0.01),and the scores of psychological states and exercise behaviors were also positively correlated(r=0.108,P<0.01).Conclusion The comprehensive cognition of inflammation is generally low of college students in the whole country,and the psychological condition and behavior also need to be improved.