2018年内蒙古本科院校教师的付出-回报失衡现状及影响因素

Status and influencing factors of effort-reward imbalance among teachers in und ergraduate colleges,Inner Mongolia,2018

目的采用付出-回报失衡问卷评价内蒙古本科院校教师职业紧张情况及其影响因素。方法2018年3~6月采用完全随机抽样方法随机从内蒙古18所本科院校中抽取9所,并从中随机抽取一个院系的教师作为研究对象,采用付出-回报失衡问卷(effort-reward imbalance questionnaire,ERI)对教师的付出、回报、超负荷水平进行测评。问卷当面发放并由教师自填并回收,如有特殊情况则按约定时间回收。采用t检验、方差分析、多重线性回归分析职业紧张情况及影响因素。结果发放498份问卷,回收问卷478份,回收率为95.98%。内蒙本科院校教师ERI指数均分为(1.66±0.65)分。三个维度得分分别为付出(13.97±4.82)、回报(16.46±5.29)、超负荷(15.66±3.17)分。职业紧张程度高者占比83.90%;单因素分析显示:患慢性病、代课、已婚、博士、教授、在编、薪酬较高、担任行政职务的本科院校教师的职业紧张程度较高。多重线性回归分析表明:学历、薪酬、担任行政职务是付出回报失衡的独立影响因素(F=8.58,P<0.01,R2=0.053)。结论内蒙古本科院校教师职业紧张程度较高,教育管理部门应重点关注高学历、担任行政职务等特征教师的付出-回报失衡现象。

Objective To explore the status quo of occupational stress and its influencing factors among undergraduate college teachers in Inner Mongolia by using effort-reward imbalance questionnaire.Methods From March to June 2018,9of the 18undergraduate colleges in Inner Mongolia were randomly selected by completely random sampling method,and the teachers of 1department were randomly selected as the research object.the ERI questionnaire was used to measure teachers'levels of effort,reward,and over-commitment.The questionnaires were handed out in person,and filled in by these teachers.If there were special cases,the questionnaires were collected at the appointed time.A total of 498questionnaires were distributed and 478were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.98%.Occupational stress and influencing factors were analyzed by t test,analysis of variance,multiple linear regression.Results ER ratio was 1.66±0.65among undergraduate college teachers in Inner Mongolia.The scores of the 3dimensions was effort 13.97±4.82,reward 16.46±5.29,and overload 15.66±3.17 respectively.Those with high degree of occupational stress accounted for 83.9%.Univariate analysis showed that teachers who had chronic diseases,substitutes,married,doctors,professors,had compiled,higher salaries,and administrative positions had higher occupational stress.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that:education,salary,and administrative positions were independent factors affecting the effort-reward imbalance(F=8.58,P<0.01,R2=0.053).Conclusion University teachers have a high degree of professional stress in Inner Mongolia.The education management department should focus on the imbalance of effort-reward of teachers with characteristics such as high education and administrative positions.