新标准下地铁车站防排烟设计若干问题探讨

Discussion on the Design of Smoke Prevention and Exhaust of Rail Transit Station in New Fire Regulation

近年来国内城市轨道交通工程发展迅速,国家工程建设规范、标准体系也在逐步完善, 2018年相继发布实施的GB 51251—2017《建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准》、GB 51298—2018《地铁设计防火标准》对地铁工程防排烟设计具有重要指导意义。以上标准因发布时间、编制背景等不同,使设计人员在理解及执行条文的过程中,产生了诸多疑问及困惑。根据国家现行规范,并结合工程实际,对"烟规"在地铁工程中的适用性,新标准下地铁车站防烟分区划分原则、排烟量计算及风机选型、防排烟风口间距、防排烟管道耐火极限、防排烟风机机房设置、排烟防火阀与防排烟风机的连锁控制方式等常见的设计问题进行分析、探讨。

Urban rail transit is developing rapidly in recent years and national engineering construction norms and standards system are also improving gradually. The Technical standard for Smoke management Systems in Buildings GB 51251—2017, Standard for Fire Protection Design of Metro GB 51298—2018 were issued and implemented successively in 2018, which are of great guiding significance for the smoke management design of rail transit. The variation of above standards in time of publication and background of compilation brings a lot of difficulties for the designers to understand and implement them correctly. This paper, according to the national standards and combining with the engineering practices, analyzes and discusses the common problems in rail transit design, such as the applicability of smoke standards, the division principle of smoke control zones, the calculation of smoke exhaust volume, the selection of fans, the distance between air inlets and smoke outlets, the fire resistance limit of smoke control pipes, the setting of smoke control fans room, and the interlocking control mode between smoke fire damper and smoke control fan.