寓教于战:晋绥边区战时的儿童教育

Education through War:Wartime Children's Education in the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Area

全面抗战时期,抗日根据地儿童教育是中共关注的重要问题之一。尽管战争形势非常严峻,但中共仍然因陋就简坚持进行儿童教育。晋绥边区儿童教育的出发点和落脚点主要是为抗战服务。因此,边区的儿童教育与抗战紧密地联系在一起,抗战已成为儿童教育和战时生活的一部分。在寓教于战的基础上,边区政府秉持儿童教育与实际相结合的理念,重视儿童的参与,故教育内容既包括具体的文化知识,也包括政治思想品德。经过教育,边区儿童不仅自身文化素质得到提高,而且对抗战、边区建设乃至自身家庭也做出了积极贡献。在学习过程中,儿童成长较为全面,其形象变得鲜明,地位也随之提高。通过儿童教育,中共的抗战理念也在少年儿童中广泛传播。

During the total war of resistance against Japan,children's education in the resistance bases was an important concern of CPC.Despite the severe war situations,the CPC still insists on the education for children.The purpose of children's education in Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Area was mainly to serve the War of Resistance.Children's education in this area is therefore closely linked to the War,and the War of Resistance has become a part of children's education and the wartime life.Based on the education through war,the government of border area adhered to the concept of combining children's education with reality and attached importance to children's participation.The education included both specific cultural knowledge and political ideological morality.Through education,children had not only improved their cultural quality,but also made positive contributions to the war of resistance,the construction of border area and even their families.In the learning process,children obtained relatively an all-round development.The CPC's philosophy of resistance against Japanese invasion was also widely spread among children.