FTA环境保护条款会制约污染产品进出口贸易吗——基于产品层面数据的实证研究

Do FTA Environmental Protection Clauses Restrict the Import and Export Trade of Pollution-intensive Products:An Empirical Study Based on Product-level Data

自由贸易协定(FTA)由边境条款向环境保护、竞争中立、知识产权保护等边境内条款延伸已成为高标准FTA条款的重要标志。FTA环境保护条款对双边贸易流量及贸易结构产生了越来越重要的影响。文章基于中国与19个FTA伙伴国产品层面数据(2008~2017年),采取OLS估计、PPML估计、Heckman两步法估计等多种实证方法,检验了FTA环境保护条款对中国进出口贸易及污染密集型产品进出口贸易的影响。研究发现,FTA环境保护条款在总体上抑制了中国出口规模增长,促进了中国进口规模增长;FTA环境保护条款更有助于清洁产品进口,而对污染密集型产品出口产生了更大的抑制作用。文章为中国积极参与国际经贸制定、促进国内加强环境规制提供了实证支持和政策启示。

The extension of free trade agreement(FTA)from border clauses to environmental protection,competition neutrality,intellectual property protection and other in-border clauses has become an important symbol of high-standard FTA clauses.FTA environmental protection clauses have increasingly important influence on bilateral trade flows and trade structures.Based on the product-level data between China and 19 FTA partner countries(2008-2017),this paper uses multiple empirical methods including OLS estimation,PPML estimation,and Heckman two-step estimation to examine the impact of FTA environmental protection clauses on China’s import and export trade as well as import and export trade in pollution-intensive products.The research shows that FTA environmental protection clauses have generally inhibited the growth of China’s export scale and promoted the growth of China’s import scale.FTA environmental protection clauses are more conducive to the import of clean products,but have a greater inhibitory effect on the export of pollution-intensive products.This paper provides empirical support and policy implications for China to actively participate in international economic and trade formulation and promote domestic environmental regulations.