呼吸道传染病治疗中抗体药物的研发进展

Progress in Research and Development of Antibodies for Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases

呼吸系统疾病影响着全世界数百万人,主要病变发生在气管、支气管、肺部及胸腔,病变轻者多咳嗽、胸痛,重者呼吸困难、缺氧甚至呼吸衰竭,可造成多种并发症,导致患者严重残疾甚至死亡。治疗性抗体的临床使用为肺癌、哮喘以及各类呼吸道传染病等的治疗开辟了新途径。目前已有数十种抗体(antibodies,Abs)获得市场批准,而且还有更多的抗体药物正在临床开发中。这些Abs中的大多数是针对哮喘、肺癌、慢性阻塞性肺病、特发性肺纤维化以及呼吸道传染病等疾病。其中,呼吸道传染病的爆发具有传播迅猛、传染性强的特点,常引发全球关注,如当下肆虐全球的新型冠状病毒肺炎。针对呼吸道传染病的多种Abs为其临床治疗提供了新策略。基于此,综述了已获准和正在临床开发的适用于治疗呼吸道传染病的Abs,通过综述抗体治疗的分子机制、优势和发展趋势,以期为呼吸道传染病治疗中抗体药物的研发提供参考。

Respiratory diseases affect millions of people all over the world. The main lesions occur in trachea, bronchus, lung and chest. The mild ones have cough and chest pain, while the severe ones have dyspnea, hypoxia and even respiratory failure, resulting in a variety of complications leading to severe disability and even death. Clinical use of therapeutic antibodies has opened up a new way for the treatment of lung cancer, asthma and various respiratory infectious diseases. At present, dozens of antibodies(Abs) have been approved into the market, and more antibodies are under clinical development. Most of these Abs are aimed at asthma, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory infectious diseases. Among them, the outbreak of respiratory infectious diseases has the characteristics of rapid spread and strong infectivity, which often causes global concern, such as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), which is now raging all over the world. A variety of Abs for respiratory infectious diseases provides new strategies for their clinical treatment. Based on this situation, Abs, which have been approved and are being developed clinically, were reviewed. The molecular mechanisms, advantages and development trend of antibody therapy were summarized in order to provide references for the research and development of Abs in the treatment of respiratory infectious diseases.