康熙帝早期中式肖像艺术观探析

A research on Emperor Kangxi’s early ideas about Chinese-style portraits

康熙帝中式肖像艺术思想主导了宫廷肖像艺术活动,探究其早期肖像艺术观是深入研究康熙朝宫廷肖像艺术史的基础。从文物和第一手文献史料出发,分析康熙帝早期中式肖像艺术观的内容、特点与影响。首先,康熙帝的早期肖像艺术观以满族文化为本,通过宫廷肖像艺术传达巩固满族文化传统的信号。其次,青年康熙帝借肖像艺术强化政治联姻、荣宠臣子、宣扬教化,以巩固其政治统治。再次,康熙帝年轻时追求正面肖像构图的庄严感,喜欢写实性强的肖像画,支持宫廷肖像艺术风格多元化发展。康熙帝的早期中式肖像艺术观包含文化、政治和审美意识,对康熙朝乃至清代宫廷肖像艺术的发展产生了显著影响。

Emperor Kangxi’s ideas about Chinese-style portraits dominated the court portrait art activities.Exploring his early ideas about Chinese-style portraits is the basis for in-depth study on the history of court portrait art during his reign.Based on the cultural relics and first-hand historical documents,analysis was made about the content,characteristics and influence of his early ideas about Chinese-style portraits.Firstly,his early concept of portrait art was based on Manchu culture.He conveyed the signal of consolidating Manchu cultural tradition through court portrait art.Secondly,young Kangxi used portrait art to strengthen political marriage,honor his officials and promote publicity and civilization,so as to consolidate his political rule.Thirdly,when Emperor Kangxi was young,he pursued the solemnity of front portrait composition,liked realistic portraits,and supported the diversified development of court portrait art style.Emperor Kangxi’s early ideas about Chinese-style portraits contained cultural,political and aesthetic consciousness,which had a significant impact on the development of court portrait art in his reign and even in the Qing Dynasty after that.