基于SSR标记的区试棉花品种纯度和真实性鉴定

Identification of Purity and Genuineness for Regional Test of Cotton Variety Based on SSR Markers

利用SSR标记进行棉花品种纯度检测和真实性鉴定,可以为棉花品种审定提供重要依据。本研究在前期工作基础上,选择26对覆盖棉花每条染色体的SSR核心引物,以2018年参加山东省区试的53个棉花品种为材料,进行纯度检测和真实性鉴定。结果显示,26对SSR核心引物在53个品种中共检测到111个等位基因位点,遗传距离为0.01~0.91,平均为0.44;分子遗传纯度≥95%的品种占64.15%,<90%的品种占18.87%。聚类分析表明,CQ1802与JQ1805、CQ1803与JQ1803之间仅有1个位点的差异,遗传距离为0.01,这两组品种为同一品种参加了不同组别的试验。品种CS1802和ZQ1802的分子遗传纯度很低,分别为71.47%和72.76%,是由于群体中单个位点存在不同杂合而造成的。本研究表明利用SSR分子标记技术鉴定棉花区试品种的真实性和纯度,可以有效降低品种低代参试以及同一品种重复参试和重复审定现象的发生,对维护区域试验的权威性和育种家的合法权益具有重要意义。

SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the Genuineness and purity of cotton varieties,providing an important basis for the validation of cotton varieties.On the basis of the previous research,we selected 26 pairs of SSR core markers uniformly distributed in the whole genome of cotton in this research,and used 53 cotton varieties participating in the regional trials of Shandong Province in 2018 as materials for genuineness and purity identification analysis.The results showed that 111 allele loci were detected in 26 pairs of SSR core primers for the 53 varieties,with a genetic distance of 0.01 to 0.91 and an average of 0.44.The molecular genetic purity of 64.15%of test varieties was≥95%,and that of 18.87%varieties was<90%.Cluster analysis showed that there was only one allelic variation between CQ1802 and JQ1805,CQ1803 and JQ1803,and the genetic distance was 0.01,suggesting these two group varieties should be the same varieties participating in different test group.The molecular genetic purity of varieties CS1802 and ZQ1802 is rather low,71.47%and 72.76%,respectively,and it is caused by the existence of different heterozygous in a single locus in the population.Our studies showed that the method of identifying the genuineness and purity of cotton regional test varieties by SSR molecular marker technology is completely feasible,and it can effectively eliminate the low generation variety test and the repeated test or repeated verification of same variety,which would be helpful for maintaining the authority of regional trials as well as the legitimate rights and interests of cotton breeders.