(小麦×长穗偃麦草)F1与长穗偃麦草生物量积累相关性状的比较

Comparison of biomass accumulation-related traits in the F1 hybrids of common wheat and tall wheatgrass and their parents

为探索(小麦Triticum aestivum×长穗偃麦草Thinopyrum ponticum)F1作为牧草的应用潜力,本研究以(小麦中农28×长穗偃麦草)F1(以下简称草F1)及其亲本为材料,对草F1的表型组与牧草产量做了初步研究。不同发育时期表型组测定表明,与长穗偃麦草相比,草F1的单株投影面积和紧密度在分蘖期–开花期显著升高(P<0.05),开展度在分蘖期–抽穗期升高,在分蘖期和抽穗期纵向矩形宽和纵向矩形高升高,而平均绿色深度降低;一年1次刈割再生23 d草F1的紧密度和平均绿色深度显著升高而纵向矩形宽显著降低。拔节期草F1的单株总叶片数、最大展开叶叶长与叶宽及一年1次刈割再生23 d的单株鲜重等均显著高于长穗偃麦草;而分蘖数、株高、单株最大鲜重等与长穗偃麦草差异不显著(P>0.05)。草F1的开花期比长穗偃麦草显著提前。草F1的光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度等与长穗偃麦草差异不显著,但叶片光合能力显著增加。与长穗偃麦草相比,草F1的总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著升高而丙二醛含量显著降低。6月1日前后草F1的果糖、蔗糖和淀粉等含量显著高于长穗偃麦草,而葡萄糖含量则显著低于长穗偃麦草。在北京和南皮,无论一年3次、2次还是1次刈割,草F1的鲜草产量均高于长穗偃麦草。特别是种子直播当代草F1鲜草产量比长穗偃麦草增加61.9%~103.5%。全生育期2次刈割产量最高,第1次刈割在6月1日前后可兼顾产量和品质。本研究结果表明,草F1作为牧草具有较大的应用潜力。

Decaploid tall wheatgrass(Thinopyrum ponticum)is a perennial grass with significant tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.To explore the application potential of the common wheat(Triticum aestivum)×Thinopyrum ponticum hybrid as a perennial grass,the F1 plants derived from Triticum aestivum Zhongnong 28×Thinopyrum ponticum were compared with Thinopyrum ponticum for biomass accumulation-related traits.The results showed that the F1 hybrid had significantly higher projected area and compactness at the tilling,jointing,heading,and flowering stages,caliper lengths at the tilling,jointing,and heading stages,and object extent X and object extent Y at the tilling and heading stages,but significantly lower mean green color at the tilling and heading stages compared with Thinopyrum ponticum.Additionally,the compactness and mean green color in the F1 were significantly higher than in Thinopyrum ponticum at 23 d after the first cutting,while the object extent X was lower.The leaf number,leaf length and width,and fresh weight per plant in the F1 hybrid were also significantly higher than those of Thinopyrum ponticum at the jointing stage.In both the field as well as the greenhouse,the concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the F1 hybrid was significantly higher than in Thinopyrum ponticum.In addition,the F1 hybrid had higher concentrations of fructose,sucrose,and starch but lower concentrations of glucose in comparison with Thinopyrum ponticum around June 1st.Finally,the F1 hybrid produced more herbage yield than Thinopyrum Ponticum,regardless of the number of cuttings(once,twice,or thrice a year)in both Beijing and Nanpi.Regarding seed planting,the F1 hybrid yielded more than Thinopyrum ponticum by 61.9%~103.5%.Two cuts a year produced the highest herbage yields for both the F1 hybrid and Thinopyrum ponticum,of which the first cutting,carried out around June 1st,led to a high yield and good quality.Collectively,the common wheat×tall wheatgrass F1 hybrid has better application potential as a grass than Thinopyrum ponticum.