国家公园生态移民研究

Study on Ecological Migration in National Park

生态移民是保护国家公园生态系统完整性的重要措施,是当前我国国家公园体制试点建设中普遍面临的现实工作。我国国家公园的生态移民工作中存在:移民工作难度大;迁入地承载力不足;移民户缺乏就业保障;移民补偿不完善;移民群体生活习惯难适应、缺乏归属感等问题。应对这些问题,提出做好移民前期的思想工作;统筹考虑、高标准建设迁入地;因地制宜发展当地特产、助力贫困户脱贫;加快完善生态补偿的法制建设;推动文化习俗的融合与社会关系重构的五个解决措施。

Ecological migration is an important measure to protect the integrity of National Park ecosystem and a practical work in the pilot construction of National Park system in China.There are some problems in the ecological migration work of National Parks in China,Such as the difficulty of immigration work,the insufficient carrying capacity of immigration,the lack of employment security for migrant households, the imperfect compensation for immigrants, the difficult adaptation of the living habits of immigrant groups and the lack of a sense of belonging.This paper proposes five solutions to these problems.These measures include doing a good job in the ideological work in the early stage of migration, taking into account the overall situation and building high-standard areas of migration, developing local production according to local conditions to help poor households out of poverty, speeding up the construction of legal system for ecological compensation, and promoting the integration of cultural customs and the reconstruction of social relations.