世界技能大赛园艺项目对应用型本科院校园林专业课程改革的启示——以黄山学院为例

The Enlightenment of the WorldSkills Landscape Gardening on the Course Reform of Landscape Major in Application-oriented Universities——Taking Huangshan University as an example

园林专业是应用型本科院校的常见专业,尽管社会需求很大,但也面临着应用技术和技能水平、创新创业能力不够等问题。世界技能大赛的竞技水平代表了职业技能发展的世界先进水平。通过对黄山学院16园林专业培养方案与世赛园艺项目选手职业能力水平的要求进行分析后建议:在理论教学环节增设园林施工图设计、园林材料的认知与应用、园林工具的使用与维护、客户沟通服务、健康、安全及人体工学等方面内容;在实践教学环节,以施工图设计与施工实操为主线,以世赛标准为准绳,并贯穿施工前的招投标;施工过程中的工序、计量与变更资料的收集,安全、质量、精度和进度管理;施工结束后按规范和世赛要求进行验收与结算、决算等。这些理论和实践教学的改革一定程度上能提高学生的技能与技术水平,满足社会对应用型园林专业人才的需求。

As a common major in application-oriented universites,landscaping faces problems such as the low application of technology and skill level,and insufficient innovation and entrepreneurship in spite of the great social needs.The competitive level of the Worldskills Competition represents the world's advanced level of professional skills development.After analyzing the 2016 undergraduate Program of landscape major in Huangshan University and the professional level of the competitors of Landscape Gardening in WSC,some suggestions are put forward:In the theoretical teaching the following should be added,such as garden construction drawing design,garden material cognition and application,garden tool use and maintenance,customer communication services,health,safety and ergonomics;while in the practice teaching the following should be added, such as: the construction drawings design and construction practice should be based on the standards of the WSC and through the pre-construction bidding;during the construction process, much attention should be paid on the measurement and change data collection, safety, quality, precision and schedule management;after the completion of construction, the check, settlement and final accounts should be done according to the specifications and the requirements of WSC. Through the reform of these theoretical and practical teachings, students' skills and technical level will be improved, and the demand for landscape talents will be met to a certain extent.