从序跋看《弟子规》的传播及内容系统

Study on the Spread and Content of Dizigui from the Preface and Postscript

《弟子规》是清代一部杰出的蒙书,系乾隆年间,贾存仁删订李毓秀的《训蒙文》而成。从现存数种《弟子规》的序跋可以清晰看出,此书多作为教材在私塾、义学中使用;最早始于道光年间,经过咸丰、同治、光绪、宣统到民国,越来越流行;传播区域有华北、中原、西北、江南、西南、华东;收进丛书,成为该书传播的重要途径。由于贾存仁之后的编订者也曾对贾存仁《弟子规》做过改动,造成传世的《弟子规》内容系统有3种,相互间存在差异,其中"西京清麓丛书"本《弟子规》与李毓秀《训蒙文》相对最为接近,"复性斋丛书"本《弟子规》与贾存仁改订本最为接近,成为后代最为通行易见的《弟子规》内容系统。

Dizigui(rules for students) is a great illuminative book revised by Jia Cunren according to Xunmengwen(teaching and enlightening), which was written by Li Yuxiu during the reign of Qianlong, Qing Dynasty. It’s very clear that from its preface and postscript we’ve found today, this book was mostly used for both private and public schools. This book became very popular gradually from the middle and later Qing Dynasty. It began to spread in the reign of Daoguang. In the Republic of China, it was prevalent almost all over China. The collection for series was the most primary way for its circulation. Dizigui revised by Jia had three different editions, which are not found today. Among these three editions, the one recollected in Xijingqinglu is the closest to Xunmengwen, written by Li Yuxiu. Another one recollected in Fuxingzhai is the closest to the edition revised by Jia Cunren. And this edition also has become the most popular one for us.