用现象学方法分析量子力学中的测量和实在问题

Analysis of the Application of Phenomenological Method in QuantumMechanics

分析哲学和现象学是20世纪西方哲学的两大主流。一般认为,量子力学哲学属于分析哲学,但这不意味着由胡塞尔和海德格尔所主导的现象学不能用来解决量子力学中的哲学问题。本文运用现象学的方法,如“回到事情本身”(胡塞尔)、“存在论上情绪先于逻辑”(海德格尔),分析量子力学中的测量和实在问题。从而把“测量”理解为一种在认识原初自然意义上的更广泛的“干扰”,即“重置自然”。在这样的观点下考虑物理学方法“数学—实验”所认识的“物理客体”中的实在问题,并区分“形而上学实在”和“物理实在”。运用现象学方法说明物理学方法不可能认识“形而上学实在”,并论证“形而上学实在”的最终形式,即“无”,而不是“以太”。

Analytical philosophy and phenomenology are two major mainstream of western philosophy in the 20th century.It is generally believed that the philosophy of quantum mechanics belongs to the philosophy of analysis,but this does not mean that the phenomenology dominated by Husserl and Heidegger cannot be used to solve the philosophical problems in quantum mechanics.This paper uses phenomenological methods,such as"back to the matter itself"(Husserl)and"emotion precedes logic in ontology"(Heidegger),to analyze the measurement and reality problems in quantum mechanics.Thus"measurement"is understood as a broader"disturbance"in the sense of understanding the original nature,that is,"resetting nature".From this point of view,we consider the problem of reality in the"physical object"recognized by the method of physics"math-experiment",and distinguish the"metaphysical reality"from the"physical reality".The phenomenological method is used to show that it is impossible for the physical method to know"metaphysical reality",and to demonstrate that the final form of"metaphysical reality",namely"nothing",is not"ether".