摘要
针对现有花生脱壳机脱净率低、种仁损伤率高及其对花生品种适应性差等问题,该研究设计了一种锥盘式花生种子脱壳机构。以花育23花生为试验对象,利用EDEM软件对花生荚果进行脱壳模拟试验,通过仿真分析与脱壳装置样机试验获得了脱壳机构最优结构参数。为进一步提高脱壳质量,在上下锥盘表面粘贴橡胶刺皮,以锥盘式花生脱壳机构的下锥盘转速、橡胶凸起数目、最小脱壳间隙为试验因素,脱净率、损伤率为响应值,进行单因素试验和Box-Behnken试验。利用Design-Expert软件对试验结果进行方差分析,以建立脱净率、损伤率与下锥盘转速、橡胶凸起数目及最小脱壳间隙的回归模型。通过提高脱净率、降低损伤率的双目标优化得到关键参数的最优组合为:下锥盘转速270 r/min,橡胶凸起数目5500个/m^2,最小脱壳间隙11 mm。样机试验表明,粘贴橡胶刺皮的锥盘式脱壳装置样机的脱净率和损伤率均值分别为97.84%和3.27%;与滚筒式花生种子专用剥壳机相比,有橡胶刺皮的锥盘式脱壳装置的脱净率提高了2.03个百分点,损伤率降低了0.67个百分点。橡胶刺皮疲劳损伤试验表明,累计脱壳作业90 h后橡胶刺皮严重磨损,脱壳质量降低,应及时更换。研究结果可为花生种子脱壳机的研发及改进提供参考。
In China,the planting area of peanut is 5 million hm2 and the yield is 17 million kg.Seed shelling is an important part of peanut seed preparation before sowing,the quality of peanut seed after shelling affects the emergence,growth and yield of peanut.At present,peanut seed shelling is mainly based on the shape characteristics of peanut pods,mechanical actions such as kneading,extrusion and impact are used to crack and break the peanut pods to complete the shelling.However,the existing peanut shellers have some problems,such as low rate of shell removal,high rate of seed damage and poor adaptability to peanut varieties.In order to solve the above problems,a cone disc shelling mechanism for peanut seeds was designed.Taking Huayu 23 peanut as the experimental object,the EDEM software was used to simulate the shelling process of peanut pods,and the optimal structure parameters of the cone type shelling mechanism were obtained by simulation analysis and prototype testing.The best structural parameters of the shelling mechanism were obtained through simulation analysis and prototype test,that is,the inclination angle of the lower cone was 25°,and the inclination angle of the upper cone was 30°.In order to further reduce the damage rate of peanut seeds,the rubber spines were pasted on the shell surface of the upper and lower cones of the machine.The rotation speed of lower cone,the minimum shelling clearance and number of rubber bumps were taken as experimental factors,threshing rate and damage rate of peanut were taken as response values,single-factor test and Box-Behnken test were conducted.ANOVA was performed on the test results by Design-Expert 8.0.6 software,and the regression models of the threshing rate and the damage rate between the rotation speed of lower cone,the minimum shelling clearance,the number of rubber bumps were established.The optimal combination of the three factors were obtained by the dual objective optimization method,that was the rotation speed of lower cone 270 r/min,the number of rubber bumps within one squire meter 5500 and the minimum shelling clearance was 11 mm,respectively,at this time,the highest predicted value of the threshing rate was 97.95%,and the lowest predicted value of the damage rate was 3.19%.The comparative experiment results showed that compared with the drum type sheller for peanut seeds,the threshing rate of the cone disc sheller without rubber spines was slightly higher and the damage rate was slightly lower.The threshing rate of the cone disc sheller with rubber spines was increased by 2.03 percentage points,and the damage rate was reduced by 0.67 percentage points..According to the fatigue damage analysis of rubber spines,after 90 hours of shelling operation,the rubber skin was seriously worn and the shelling quality was reduced,it should be replaced in time.The research results can provide reference for the development and improvement of peanut seeds sheller.
作者
郝建军
聂庆亮
马璐萍
李建昌
宋亚辉
龙思放
张贺斌
Hao Jianjun;Nie Qingliang;Ma Luping;Li Jianchang;Song Yahui;Long Sifang;Zhang Hebin(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050035,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第17期27-34,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(HBCT2018090206)
河北省重点研发计划项目(1922418D)。
关键词
农业机械
设计
试验
花生种子
锥盘式
脱壳机
EDEM
agricultural machinery
design
experiments
peanut seeds
cone disc
sheller
EDEM