从交往行为理论的有效性原则探析取效行为

An Exploration of Perlocutionary Act through thePerspective of Validity Principles of the Theory of Communicative Action

20世纪哲学的语言学转向使人们更加关注语言的本质问题。作为哲学的语言学转向的领军人物之一,哈贝马斯致力于重建普遍适用的语用学规则,并基于此提出了交往行为理论及交往行为理论的有效性原则,借以平衡说话人和听话人在交际中的话语权。哈贝马斯摒弃传统哲学的主—客体二分法,转而提倡主—主体双向互动的哲学范式,这与奥斯汀提出的取效行为不谋而合。本文将以美剧《摩登家庭》为例,从交往行为的有效性入手,分析其中的对话,研究以言取效行为的实现过程。研究发现:交往行为理论的有效性原则提升了听者在交际中的权力和地位,满足了交际主体的社会诉求,为构建了普遍语用规则提供语用学理据。

As one of the leading figures in linguistic turn of philosophy,Habermas puts forward the communicative action theory and the validity principles,which coincides with Austin's perlocutionary act.This article will take discourses appeared in Modern Family as examples,using the validity principles of communicative action theory as theoretical framework,analyzing the dialogues of Modern Family,by which studies the realization of perlocutionary act.It is found that the validity principle of communicative action theory enhances the listener's power and position,meeting the social demands and provides pragmatic basis for constructing universal pragmatic rules.