论证研究中的功能分析——从语用语言的视角看

On the Function Analysis of Argumentation Research——From the Pragma-linguistic Perspective

当下前沿的论证理论注重使用功能分析的研究方法。文章主要在方法论层面上澄清功能分析的必要性并探讨其实现路径。从语用语言的视角出发,首先指出论证研究的目标在于构建交际的结构模型。当模型中的结构性扩展不足以呈现论证的一般特征时,就需要引入功能维度并修正既有的论证定义。其次,表明可采用言语行为的视角进行功能分析,并阐释功能分析的惯例性进路和合理性进路。再者,考察规范语用学理论,展示其将功能分析与交际理论相结合的论证研究范式。最后,指出应采取广义论证的视角,实施一种更为彻底的功能分析。

The frontier theories of argumentation attach great importance to the research method of function analysis.This paper is aimed at identifying the necessity of function analysis and further discussing the main approaches.Firstly,with the Pragma-linguistic perspective,I show that the starting point of Argumentation Research is to construct a structural model of communication.And as the structural expansion in model is not enough to represent the essential characteristic of argumentation,the functional dimension should be introduced into the definition accordingly.Secondly,I figure out the perspective of speech act could be used for doing the function analysis.Thirdly,by referring to the theory of Normative Pragmatics,I would present the research paradigm of argumentation which combines function analysis with communication theory.Finally,I shall point out that a more thorough function analysis should be carried out from the perspective of Generalized Argumentation.