“规范性”的形而上学疑难

Non-Naturalism and Normativity

“自然”与“规范”之辨是自古希腊以来一个经久不衰的问题。如果说自然领域的研究正逐渐云开雾散,那么规范性领域可以说依旧迷雾重重。比如,规范性领域是独立于自然科学世界之外的还是可以还原为自然科学所描述的世界,我们如何解释规范性领域与自然领域之间的形而上学关联?非自然主义者主张规范性领域的独立性和客观性,但又不得不承认规范性与自然或科学世界的必然关联,因而陷入了规范性的形而上学疑难之中。在非自然主义的解释路径中,不论是内涵对等论证、本质主义论证还是基础解释,实质上都采取了一种类似于还原的路径,并没有从根本上解决这一疑难。文章将从非自然主义的立场出发,尝试提出一种新的解释方案。

The conflict between“phusis”and“nomos”has been an enduring problem since ancient Greece.The investigation in the field of nature has achieved a lot,but in the realm of“norms”,it has seemed misty and beset with difficulties.For instance,is the realm of norms sui generis and incompatible with a purely scientific worldview or can it be reduced to the realm which can be accounted for by natural science?How do we explain the metaphysical correlation between the realm of norms and the nature or scientific world?Non-naturalists argue that the realm of norms is independent and objective,but have to admit the inevitable connection with nature or scientific world,therefore they cannot avoid the appeal to metaphysical claims about normativity.The grounding explanation,intensionally equivalent explanation,essentialist explanation to some extent are similar to the approach of reduction,and lead to a fundamental failure.This paper will try to explore a new interpretation from the perspective of non-naturalism.