霍布斯鲍姆科学本质阐释的历史意识思想探析

An analysis of Hobsbawm’s historical consciousness in explaining the essence of science

作为英国新马克思主义的代表人物,霍布斯鲍姆从当今社会对科学本质无历史意识的理解入手,批判了人们对科学本身的滥用所造成的三种恶果:即由科学模式的单一性延伸到真理认定标准的唯一性;由权威的政治立场或意识形态而衍生出的科学功利主义;由狭隘的民族观与人类观而导致的科学排他性和极端性。基于科学的历史发展过程,他回答了什么是科学的问题,主张科学的本质体现为对世界运行规律的总体性认识,对人类实践活动能力的社会性阐释和对生命价值意义的时代性升华。霍布斯鲍姆将历史意识深深嵌入科学的研究之中,这对于正确理解科学的本质,具有一定的启迪意义。

As a representative of the new Marxism in Britain,Hobsbawm started with the lack of historical consciousness of the essence of science in today’s society,criticized three kinds of bad consequences caused by people’s wrong interpretation of the scientific abuse:the singularity of scientific model leads to the uniqueness of the standard of truth determination;authoritative political position or ideology leads to scientific utilitarianism;narrow national and human views lead to exclusiveness and extremes of science.Based on the historical development of science,he answered the question of what is science,advocated that the essence of science is embodied in the overall understanding of the world’s operating rules,the social interpretation of human practical ability and the contemporary sublimation of the value of life.Hobsbawm deeply integrated the historical consciousness into scientific research,which has certain enlightenment significance for us to correctly understand scientific essence.