玉米秸秆覆盖厚度对蓝莓生理生长和产量的影响

Effects of Different Cornstalk Mulching Thickness on Physiological Growth and Yield of Blueberry

为秸秆还田在蓝莓生产上应用提供理论依据,以兔眼蓝莓品种粉蓝和芭尔德温为对象,采用田间试验方法,研究玉米秸秆地表不同覆盖厚度(0cm,5cm,10cm,20cm)对蓝莓生理、生长和产量的影响。结果表明:玉米秸秆覆盖可显著提高土壤含水量和有机质,降低土壤容重和pH;覆盖显著增加蓝莓根系活力、硝态氮和叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、新梢生长量(长度和数量)、单叶面积、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和产量,不同蓝莓品种对覆盖量的响应存在差异;2个品种新梢生长、根系活力、硝态氮、单株产量和单叶面积与覆盖厚度呈极显著正相关;5~20cm覆盖粉蓝和芭尔德温的单株产量分别提升26.83%~59.21%和26.43%~38.10%。蓝莓品种粉蓝和芭尔德温玉米秸秆最适覆盖厚度分别为10cm和20cm。

In order to provide the theoretical basis for cornstalk returning to fied in production of blueberry,a field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of various cornstalk mulching thickness(0 cm,5 cm,10 cm and 20 cm)on physiology,growth and yield of two blueberry cultivars named Powderblue and Baldwin.Results:Corn stalk mulching significantly increased soil moisture content and organic matter content,reduced soil bulk density and pH;Mulching significantly increased blueberry root activity,nitrate nitrogen content,chlorophyll content,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,new shoot growth amount(length and quantity),leaf area,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and yield.There were differences in the response of different blueberry varieties to mulching.Among them,the growth of new shoots,root vitality,nitrate nitrogen,yield per plant,leaf area showed extremely significant positive correlations with mulching thickness;The cornstalk mulching thickness of 5-20 cm increased the per plant yields of Powderblue and Baldwin by 26.83%-59.21%and 26.43%-38.10%respectively.The optimum cornstalk mulching thickness for Powderblue and Baldwin is 10 cm and 20 cm,respectively.