不同生育期水分供应对设施甜瓜产量和品质的影响

Effects of Water Supply at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Quality of Muskmelon in Greenhouse

为天津地区设施温室甜瓜栽培制定合理的灌溉制度提供参考,在春季温室甜瓜不同生育阶段进行3种灌溉梯度〔充分灌溉(0.9EP)、轻度亏缺(0.6EP)、中度亏缺(0.3EP),EP值通过连续跟踪有经验种植户灌溉习惯进行测算〕、4个灌溉关键节点(定植水、缓苗水、膨瓜水和成熟水)试验。结果表明:设施甜瓜关键生育节点有效灌水能够对其生长和节水产生明显效果,有效增加膨瓜期水量和提高甜瓜产量;6个处理中以T5处理〔定植期、膨瓜期、成熟期灌水量均为0.9EP,缓苗期灌水量0.3EP(EP=1381.61m^3/hm^2)〕能够较合理地平衡节水与甜瓜产量关系,提高甜瓜品质,甜瓜产量达35586.09kg/hm^2,水分利用率8.85%,VC含量22.09mg/100g,可溶性固形物含量11.98%。T5模式可作为日光温室春茬甜瓜推荐的最佳灌溉制度。

In order to explore a reasonable irrigation system for greenhouse melon cultivation in Tianjin,three irrigation gradients,including full irrigation(0.9 EP),mild deficit(0.6 EP),and moderate deficit(0.3 EP),and four key irrigation nodes,including planting water,slow seedling water,swelling melon water and mature water,were set up to conduct the experiment in different growth stages of spring muskmelon in greenhouse.In addition,EP value was measured by continuously tracking the irrigation habits of experienced growers.Results:Effective irrigation at key growth nodes of greenhouse melon could produce obvious effect on its growth and water saving,effectively increase the water supply at the expansion stage and improve the melon yield;Among the six treatments,T5 treatment,0.9 EP(EP=1381.61 m^3/hm^2)at planting stage,swelling stage and mature stage and 0.3 EP at slow seedling stage,could reasonably balance the relationship between water saving and melon yield and improve the quality of melon.The yield of melon reached 35586.09 kg/hm^2,water use efficiency of 8.85%,VC content of22.09 mg/100 gand soluble solid content of 11.98%.T5 model could be recommended as the best irrigation schedule for spring melon in greenhouse.