达斡尔族纸偶剪纸艺术哈尼卡的田野调查

Paper cut art of the Daur ethnic group paper puppet HaNiKa’s Field research

达斡尔民族的传统玩具纸偶哈尼卡,其剪纸技艺是达斡尔民族非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分。作为民间艺术形式的一种,哈尼卡融合了剪纸、装饰等各种民间工艺,在达斡尔民族的社会生活中得到了发展。由于达斡尔民族只有语言没有文字,哈尼卡艺术和达斡尔民族其他民间艺术一样是通过口口相传流传下来的。达斡尔族制作的哈尼卡等其他民俗的制作,随着时代的变迁,达斡尔民族赖以生存和传承的环境发生了巨大的变化。以非物质文化遗产保护为视角,探寻哈尼卡的传承和发展,对于民族传统文化的保护和传承有着重要的现实意义。

HaNiKa,a traditional toy paper doll of Daur ethnic group,whose paper cutting skill is an important part of Daur ethnic group’s intangible cultural heritage.As a form of folk art,HANIKA integrates various folk crafts such as paper cutting and decoration,which is produced in the production and life of Daur people and develops in the social life of Daur ethnic group.As Daur people only have language and no writing,HANIKA art is handed down by word of mouth just like other Daur folk arts.With the development of the times,the environment in which Daur ethnic group relies for existence and inheritance has changed greatly.From the perspective of intangible cultural heritage protection,exploring the inheritance and development of HANIKA has important practical significance for the protection and inheritance of ethnic traditional culture.