珠海设计控制的目标、政策及机制

Goal,Policy,and Mechanism of Urban Design Control,Zhuhai

我国城镇化发展范式正经历由“量”到“质”的过渡,城市设计控制作为城市空间管理的政策工具,是针对城市形塑过程的规划干预,在维护城市空间品质上具有重要意义。文章以英美的实践经验为基础,针对我国规划体系的特点,认为清晰明确的设计目标、详细精准的政策文件和公平高效的运行机制,以及由此形成的底线控制或设计创造引导是设计控制实践的关键。在此基础上,通过对珠海市规划管理环节的调研,发现珠海的设计控制实践呈现以下特征:设计目标持续革新,而面向物质空间的建设指引滞后;政策编制迈向精细化,但未充分兼顾市场需求;运行机制基本形成,但裁量过程的连续性与技术性不足;地区控制边界具有差异性,应对设计创造加强引导。最后,针对这些特征,提出应对策略。

China's urbanization development paradigm is undergoing a transition from"quantity"to"quality".Urban design control,as a policy tool for urban space management,is a planning intervention for space shaping process and is of considerable significance in maintaining urban space quality.Based on the experience of the United Kingdom and the United States,this paper discusses the characteristics of China's planning system.It suggests that clear design goals,detailed and accurate policy statements,fair and efficient operation mechanism,and bottom-line control or design creation guidance are the keys to urban design success.The author conducted an investigation of the planning management in Zhuhai city and found that:design goal keeps updating,while the guidance is insufficient;policy preparation is getting refined,but sometimes does not respond to the market demand;operational mechanism has formed,but the continuity and technicality of the discretion process is insufficient;design control measures are different across districts,and some key guidance for design creation is strengthened.Finally some countermeasures are proposed.