田园综合体:基本内涵、主要类型及建设内容

RURAL COMPLEX:BASIC CONNOTATION,MAIN TYPES AND ITS CONSTRUCTION CONTENTS

[目的]田园综合体建设,不仅是实施乡村振兴战略的重要抓手,也是新时代“三农”工作的重大战略创新。系统研究田园综合体有着重要的理论和现实意义。[方法]围绕中央文件的精神实质,总结我国典型田园综合体项目实践和相关学术研究成果,从“三农”整体发展的视角重新梳理其基本内涵、主要类型及建设内容。[结果]研究发现,当前理论和实践界均存在着对其内涵定位模糊,类型划分重叠以及建设内容把握不准等问题,使得田园综合体建设与乡村发展的耦合协调程度较低。[结论]田园综合体是以乡村地理和环境为空间基础,以现代特色农业为核心产业,以农民或农民合作社为主要载体,通过“三产”深度融合,实现“三生”同步改善的一种新型农村综合体。因此,建设田园综合体必须坚持立足“三农”,最终实现农村全面发展。基于田园综合体的内在特征,从空间分布、产业融合、参与主体和资源特性等维度将田园综合体划分为不同类型。规划设计、重要资源、建设关键、运行管理、利益机制和效果评价等是田园综合体的主要建设内容。规划设计要确保田园综合体与乡村间耦合协调发展;土地、资金和人才是其建设的重要资源;提供特色产品和服务、挖掘乡村文化和形成特色产业链是其建设的关键;除加强传统运行管理外,要加快推进“互联网+田园综合体”;构建利益共生机制是保证其不断壮大的重要条件;评价其成功的重要标准在于“形态上与城市有差异、魅力上与城市无差距”。

The construction of rural complex is not only an important starting point for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,but also a major strategic innovation of the work of"agriculture,countryside and farmers"in the new era.It has theoretical and practical significance for us to study the rural complex systematically.Focusing on the spiritual essence of the central files,this paper summarized the typical rural complex projects and related academic research in China,striving to reorganize its basic connotation,main types and construction contents from the perspective of"agriculture,countryside and farmers".We found that there were some problems both theoretically and practically at present,such as vague definitions,fuzzy positioning,overlapping classifications and inaccurate construction contents.These questions made reduce the degree of coupling and coordination between rural complex construction and rural development.Rural complex is a new type of rural complex which take rural geography and environment as the spatial basis,modern characteristic agriculture as the core industry,and farmers or farmers′cooperatives as the main carrier.It realizes the simultaneous improvement of"production,life and ecology"by deeply integrating of"primary,secondary and tertiary industries".Therefore,the construction of rural complex must be established in"agriculture,countryside and farmers",and finally achieves the all-around development of rural areas.Based on the internal characteristics of the rural complex,this research divides the rural complex into different types from the dimensions of spatial distribution,industrial integration,participants and resource characteristics.Planning and design,important resources,construction key,operation management,benefit mechanism and effect evaluation are the main construction contents of the rural complex.The key of planning and design is to realize the coupling and coordinated development between the rural complex and the countryside.Land,capital and talents are three important resources for the construction of the rural complex.Characteristic products and services provision,rural culture exploitation and characteristic industrial chain formation are important ways to build the rural complex.Besides strengthening traditional operation management,we should accelerate the"internet+rural complex".The establishment of interest symbiosis mechanism is an important condition to ensure the continuous growth of the rural complex.The key to evaluate the success of the rural complex lies in the realization of"difference in form and no difference in charm between rural and urban areas".