河南省乡村旅游地空间分布与影响因素研究

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF RURAL TOURISM DESTINATIONS IN HENAN PROVINCE

[目的]通过测度河南省乡村旅游地的地理集聚状况、地理联系程度、发展等级分异,以准确把握河南省乡村旅游地的空间分布特征及其影响因素。[方法]选取河南省18个地级市的259个乡村旅游特色村、100个休闲观光园区、82个生态旅游示范镇为研究样本,结合数学计量方法和GIS技术,综合运用基尼指数、地理集中指数、地理联系率、核密度估计值、乡村旅游等级发展指数,对河南省乡村旅游地的空间分布特征和影响因素进行定量分析。[结果](1)河南省的乡村旅游地类型丰富,按所占比例依次为山地景区旅游带、过渡区旅游带、市区边缘旅游带、小规模旅游带4种类型。(2)河南省乡村旅游地空间分布趋于集聚,总体呈现出中西北部密集,东南部稀松的分布特征,地区间发展分异明显,且乡村旅游地与地区经济、人口要素匹配性高。(3)河南省乡村旅游发展模式为多核心带动型,发展等级豫北最高,豫中次之,豫南和豫西居于中间,豫东因缺少核心带动城市而成为全省低谷地区。(4)人均GDP、人口密度、城乡人口结构、国家景区依托、公路铁路干道交通、自然资源条件是影响乡村旅游地空间分布的主要因素。[结论]河南省乡村旅游地空间集聚程度高,且与国家A级景区分布高度吻合,应注重打造乡村旅游与A级景区建设的协调发展机制,打造“大旅游”片区;同时高集聚分布也代表着乡村旅游地发展等级空间分异明显,应围绕豫东、豫南打造核心城市,以弥补发展短板。

The paper is aimed to have an accurate grasp of the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural tourism destinations in Henan province by measuring their geographic agglomeration status,geographic connection degree and development levels.259 specialty rural tourism villages,100 leisure and tour parks,and 82 eco-tourism demonstration towns in 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan province were selected as research samples,and combining with mathematical measurement methods and GIS technology,quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural tourism destinations in Henan province was conducted by comprehensive use of Gini index,geographical concentration index,geographic connection rate,estimated value of nuclear density,rural tourism grade development index.The results were showed as follows.(1)There were abundant types of rural tourism destinations in Henan province.According to their respective proportion,there were four types in turn:mountain scenic spots,tourism in transitional zones,suburb tourism zones,and small-scaled tourist zones.(2)The spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations in Henan province tended to agglomerate,showing a dense distribution in the central,northwest,yet sparse in the southeast.The regional development differences were obvious,and the rural tourism destinations had a high degree of matching with regional economy and population factors.(3)The development model of rural tourism in Henan province was a multi-core driving model,with the highest development level in northern Henan,followed by central part,southern Henan and western Henan being in the middle,while the eastern Henan had become the valley of the province because of the lack of core driving cities.(4)Per capita GDP,population density,urban-rural population structure,national scenic spot support,highway and railroad transportation,and natural resources constituted the main factors that affected the spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations.In summary,the spatial concentration of rural tourism destinations in Henan province is high,and it is highly consistent with the distribution of national a-level scenic spots.It is necessary to focus on creating a coordinated development mechanism for both rural tourism and A-level scenic spots,and to create a"big tourism"area;It also represents the obvious spatial differentiation of the development level of rural tourist destinations,thus,core cities should be established around eastern and southern Henan to make up for the shortcomings of development.