利益、规范与认同——欧盟对西巴尔干地区扩大政策趋势转变及原因分析

Interest,Norm,and Identity:An Analysis of the Trend and Causal Factors in the European Union’s Enlargement Strategy towards the Western Balkans

自克罗地亚于2013年加入欧盟以来,欧盟在西巴尔干地区的东扩进程发展缓慢,其对西巴尔干扩大政策的效率和可信性也呈现下降势头。在此背景下,欧盟对该政策进行了修订和完善,主要表现为加强与西巴尔干地区接触、提高对西巴尔干国家改革的要求以及更为强调欧盟自身责任的转变。欧盟西巴尔干扩大政策是欧盟理性选择、规范追求和身份认同三方面因素影响的结果。利益、规范和认同的交织作用,不仅增加了欧盟扩大政策的复杂性,同时也使得欧盟在西巴尔干地区扩大进程的未来发展方向更加不确定。为了提高西巴尔干扩大政策的可信性和有效性,欧盟需要增强不同政策目标、不同行为体偏好和欧盟自身承诺与行动之间的一致性和协调性。考虑到欧盟对西巴尔干扩大政策面临的困境,欧盟的扩大进程仍面临重重阻碍。

Since Croatia joined the EU in 2013,the pace of the EU’s eastward enlargement in the Western Balkans has been slowing down,and a decline in the efficiency and credibility has been witnessed in its enlargement strategy towards this region,which has forced the EU to make corresponding adjustments and improvements,including strengthening engagement with these countries,imposing higher standards on them to carry out state transformation reforms,and putting more emphasis on the shifting responsibilities of its own.As the result of a combination of its rational choice,normative pursuit and European identity,the future direction of the EU’s enlargement strategy towards the Western Balkans is faced with uncertainties in view of the interweaving impacts of interests,norms and identity.In order to improve the credibility and effectiveness of its enlargement strategy towards the Western Balkans,it is necessary for the EU to enhance the consistency and coordination among the objectives of its different policies,the policy preferences of different actors,and the EU’s own commitments and actions.In consideration of the dilemmas that the EU’s enlargement strategy towards the Western Balkans is confronted with,its enlargement process will still meet with a number of obstacles.