城镇与环境的互动:以宁夏地区明代军城为中心

Interaction of Cities and Environment:Centered on Military Cities in Ningxia during the Ming Dynasty

明代宁夏地区城镇的建设和发展,包括与之配套的屯田使自然环境逐步恶化,灾害逐渐增多;城镇的建设与数量增长促使边防形势得以缓和;城镇建设使多民族人口回归,但仍以汉族军民为主,形成蒙、回、汉杂居的人口结构;内地人口迁入,改变了其风俗习惯,形成“宁夏士文化”。反之环境对于城镇亦有一定程度的影响,体现在自然灾害影响城址选择,造成民众财产损失,延缓城镇发展;边防形势、民族结构和移民制约着城镇兴衰。

This paper discusses the Interaction of cities and environment in Ningxia region in the Ming dynasty.The construction and development of cities,as well as the following land cultivation gradually deteriorated the surrounding natural environment,and the natural disasters increased;the growth of the number of towns and cities mitigated the borderland defense situation,and led to the gathering of people of different ethnicities,including ethnic Han people which consisted of most of the population,and Mongols,Hui people;people from the Central Plains moving into this region,changed local customs and culture and formed a new Ningxia Shi Culture(宁夏士文化).In other words,environment also influenced development of cities to some extent.For example,natural disasters impacted the selection of city cite,resulted in the loss of property,delayed the development of some towns;borderland situation,ethnic constitution,migration all limited the development of cities and towns.